Polyester yawanci yana nufin wani babban fili na kwayoyin halitta da aka samu ta hanyar polycondensation na dibasic acid da barasa na dibasic, kuma ainihin hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon sa suna haɗe ta hanyar haɗin ester. Akwai nau'ikan zaruruwan polyester iri-iri, irin su polyethylene terephthalate (PET), fiber polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), fiber polypropylene terephthalate (PPT), da sauransu daga cikinsu, filaye masu abun ciki na polyethylene terephthalate fiye da 85% sune manyan abubuwan. wadanda, kuma ana sarrafa nauyin kwayoyin gabaɗaya tsakanin 18000 da 25000. Babban Tsarin kwayoyin halitta shine kamar haka:
1. Polyester (PET) fiber
An fara binciken polyester a cikin 1930s. Mutanen Biritaniya ne suka ƙirƙiro shi irin su whinfield da Dickson. A cikin 1949, an haɓaka masana'antu a Biritaniya kuma a cikin 1953 a Amurka. Samfuri ne na manyan nau'ikan zaruruwan roba waɗanda suka haɓaka a makare, amma sun haɓaka cikin sauri.
Nauyin kwayoyin halitta na polyester shine 18000 ~ 25000, kuma digiri na polymerization shine 100 ~ 140. Macromolecules suna da tsarin sinadarai mai ma'ana. A ƙarƙashin yanayi masu dacewa, macromolecules suna da sauƙi don samar da lu'ulu'u kuma tsarin fiber yana da ƙarfi. Polyester macromolecules sun ƙunshi zoben benzene, waɗanda su ne ainihin macromolecules masu ƙarfi. A lokaci guda kuma, sun ƙunshi sarƙoƙi na aliphatic hydrocarbon, wanda ke sa kwayoyin su zama masu sassauƙa. Babu wasu ƙungiyoyin polar a cikin macromolecule sai ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl guda biyu da aka dakatar da barasa. Tare da babban abun ciki na ester, hydrolysis da fashewar thermal zai faru a babban zafin jiki. Polyester yana narke spun. Sashin giciyensa zagaye ne, madaidaiciyar shugabanci shine sandar gilashi, kuma yawan sa shine 1.38 ~ 1.40g/cm3.
A kasar Sin, fiber tare da abun ciki na polyethylene terephthalate fiye da 85% ana kiransa polyester, wanda aka fi sani da "Dacron". Akwai sunayen kayayyaki na waje da yawa, irin su "Dacron" a Amurka, "tetoron" a Japan, "terlenka" a Birtaniya, da "lavsan" a tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet.
2. Cationic dyeable polyester (CDP) fiber
Za a iya rina polyester da aka gyara (CDP) tare da rini na cationic ta hanyar gabatar da ƙungiyoyin acidic waɗanda za su iya ɗaure rini na cationic cikin sarƙoƙin ƙwayoyin cuta na PET. Kamfanin DuPont na Amurka ne ya fara haɓaka CDP. A karshen karni na 20, abin da ya fitar ya kai kashi 1/6 na jimlar Fiber PET. Irinsa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da dacron t64, dacron T65, da sauransu. Idan an haɗa shi kuma an haɗa shi da polyester na yau da kullun, yana iya haifar da wanka iri ɗaya tasirin launi daban-daban, wanda ke haɓaka launin yadudduka sosai. Saboda haka, CDP ya zama nau'in polyester da aka gyara cikin sauri. Ana shirya CDP galibi ta hanyar ƙara monomer na uku ko na huɗu, kamar sodium dimethyl isophthalate sulfonate (SIPM), zuwa sarkar macromolecular dabbobi ta hanyar copolymerization da graft copolymerization. Kamar yadda aka ƙara ƙungiyar sulfonic acid mara kyau a cikin sarkar kwayoyin CDP, lokacin da ake yin rini, ions ƙarfe a kan rukunin sulfonic acid za su yi musanya tare da cations a cikin rini, don haka za a gyara ions mai launi a kan sarkar macromolecular CDP. Gishirin da aka samar ta hanyar rini za a ci gaba da cire su a cikin maganin ruwa, kuma za a ci gaba da amsawa. A ƙarshe, za a sami tasirin rini.
Tsarin samar da CDP yana kama da na dabba, wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa ci gaba da tsaka-tsaki. Saboda mabambantan tushen albarkatun ƙasa, ana iya raba CDP zuwa hanyar DMT da hanyar PTA. CDP yana lalata tsarin asali na fiber saboda ƙarin sababbin ƙungiyoyi a cikin sarkar macromolecular, wanda ya rage ma'anar narkewa, canjin gilashin gilashi da crystallinity na fiber. A cikin amorphous yankin, sararin intermolecular yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke da amfani ga kwayoyin rini da ke shiga cikin fiber. Ƙarfin CDP ya fi ƙasa da na polyester na yau da kullum, amma an inganta kayan anti pilling na masana'anta, kuma rike yana da taushi kuma mai laushi. Ana iya amfani da shi don yin babban ulu kamar samfurori. Rini na kowa CDP har yanzu yana buƙatar babban zafin jiki (120 ~ 140 ℃) da babban matsin lamba ko ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙara mai ɗauka, don samun mafi kyawun kayan rini. Sabili da haka, lokacin zabar rini, dole ne a lura cewa dyes ɗin da aka zaɓa dole ne su sami kwanciyar hankali na thermal mafi kyau.
3. Zazzabi na ɗaki da matsi na polyester (ECDP) fiber
Ana iya shirya polyester mai rini ECDP a yanayin zafi na al'ada da matsa lamba ta ƙara ƙaramin adadin monomer na huɗu a cikin aiwatar da polymerization na dabbobi na yau da kullun. Wannan shi ne yafi saboda polyethylene glycol m sarkar sashi an gabatar da shi a cikin sarkar macromolecular Pet, wanda ya sa tsarin kwayoyin fiber ya zama mafi sako-sako da kuma amorphous yankin ya fi girma, wanda ya fi dacewa da shigar da cationic dyes a cikin fiber da haɗuwa. tare da ƙarin ƙungiyoyin sulfonic acid. Sabili da haka, ana iya rina shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi na matsi na yau da kullun. Fiber na ECDP yana da taushin jin hannu da mafi kyawun lalacewa fiye da CDP da fiber PET. Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na ɓangaren monomer polyethylene glycol na huɗu, kwanciyar hankali na thermal na fiber ECDP yana raguwa, kuma ƙarfin asarar ECDP fiber ya fi 30% a zafin ƙarfe na 180 ℃. Saboda haka, masana'anta da aka yi da fiber na ECDP ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman a bayan jiyya, wankewa da guga.
4. Fiber PTT
PTT fiber shine raguwar fiber polypropylene terephthalate. Wasu mutanen kasashen waje suna kiran PTT babban fiber na karni na 21, kuma sunan kasuwancinsa shine "Corterra".
PTT, Pet da PBT na dangin polyester ne, kuma kaddarorinsu iri ɗaya ne. PTT fiber yana da halaye na duka polyester da nailan. Yana da sauƙi don wankewa da bushewa kamar polyester, yana da kyakkyawar farfadowa na elasticity da juriya na crease, kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya na ƙazanta, juriya mai haske da jin daɗin hannu. Yana da aikin rini fiye da polyester, kuma ana iya rina shi ƙarƙashin matsi na al'ada. A ƙarƙashin yanayi guda, shigar da rini zuwa fiber PTT ya fi na dabba, kuma rini ya kasance iri ɗaya kuma saurin launi yana da kyau. Idan aka kwatanta da nailan, PTT fiber kuma yana da mafi kyawun juriya da farfadowa, kuma yana da halaye na babban elasticity da kyau mai kyau, don haka ya fi dacewa da yin kafet da sauran kayan.
5. Fiber PBT
PBT fiber shine raguwar fiber polybutylene terephthalate. Ana yin fiber na PBT daga dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) ko terephthalic acid (TPA), babban albarkatun kasa na polyester, da 1,4 - butanediol. An shirya filayen PBT ta hanyar narkewar DMT da 1,4 - butanediol a babban zafin jiki da injin, ta yin amfani da titanium na halitta ko mahaɗan gwangwani da tetrabutyl titanate a matsayin masu haɓakawa. A polymerization, kadi, post-sarrafa fasaha da kayan aiki na PBT fiber ne m iri daya da na polyester.
Fiber na PBT yana da halaye iri ɗaya kamar fiber polyester, irin su ƙarfi mai kyau, sauƙin wankewa da bushewa da sauri, girman barga, riƙe da sifa mai kyau, da dai sauransu abu mafi mahimmanci shine cewa sashin sassauƙa na sarkar macromolecular yana da tsayi, don haka ya karye yana shimfiɗawa, yana da kyau mai kyau, yana da ɗan canji a cikin elasticity bayan dumama, kuma yana jin taushi. Wani fa'idar fiber na PBT shine cewa iyawar sa ya fi na polyester. Ana iya rina masana'anta na PBT tare da tarwatsa rini a ƙarƙashin yanayin tafasar rini a yanayin yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, fiber na PBT yana da kyakkyawan juriya na tsufa, juriya na sinadarai da zafi mai zafi. Ana amfani da fiber na PBT sosai a cikin robobin injiniya, harsashi na kayan gida da sassan injin.
6. Fiber alkalami
Pen fiber shine taƙaitaccen fiber na polyethylene naphthalate. Kamar polyester, fiber na alƙalami wani abu ne mai ƙyalƙyali na thermoplastic polyester, wanda kamfanin KASA na Amurka ya fara gabatar da shi. Tsarinsa na samarwa shine ta hanyar transesterification na dimethyl 2,6 - naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) da ethylene glycol (misali), sannan kuma polycondensation; Wata hanyar ita ce esterification kai tsaye na 2,6 - naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDCA) da ethylene glycol (misali), sannan kuma polycondensation. Za a iya inganta kwanciyar hankali na thermal na alkalami ta ƙara ƙaramin adadin mahadi masu ƙunshe da amines na halitta da phosphorus.
Tsarin jujjuyawar fiber alƙalami yayi kama da na polyester. Gudun tsarin shine: bushewar guntu → juyawa mai sauri → tsarawa. Kamar yadda zafin canjin gilashin fiber na alkalami ya fi na fiber polyester, ya kamata a canza tsarin tsarawa daidai. Yakamata a karɓi rubutaccen izinin wucewa da yawa kuma yakamata a ƙara yawan zafin ƙirƙira don gujewa yin tasiri akan ingancin fiber saboda jinkirin daidaitawar ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan aka kwatanta da polyester na al'ada, fiber na alƙalami yana da mafi kyawun injina da kaddarorin thermal, irin su ƙarfin ƙarfi, haɓaka mai ƙarfi, juriya mai kyau da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi; Kyakkyawan juriya na zafi, tsayin tsayin daka, ba sauƙin lalacewa ba, ƙarancin wuta mai kyau; Kyakkyawan juriya na sinadarai da juriya na hydrolysis; UV juriya da kuma tsufa juriya.
7. Rike da busassun filament polyester
Ta hanyar canza siffar giciye na fiber, rata tsakanin filaye guda ɗaya yana ƙaruwa, ƙayyadaddun yanki yana ƙaruwa, kuma tasirin capillary yana inganta haɓakar danshi sosai, don yin rigar da bushe polyester filament. Fiber masana'anta yana da kyawawan halayen danshi da aikin watsa danshi. An daidaita shi da fiber na auduga da sauran zaruruwa tare da shayar da danshi mai kyau. Tare da tsarin tsari mai ma'ana, tasirin ya fi kyau. Tufafin ya bushe, sanyi da jin daɗi. Ya dace da saƙan kayan wasanni, rigunan saƙa, yadudduka na kayan rani, safa na polyester, da sauransu.
8. High dehumidification hudu tashar polyester fiber
Du Pont ya haɓaka TEFRA - tashar polyester fiber tare da kyakkyawan ƙarfin wicking. Yana da babban danshi yana gudanar da fiber da aka yi da fiber na roba na hydrophobic, wanda zai iya jujjuya gumi daga fata mai tsananin gumi zuwa saman masana'anta don sanyaya mai fitar da iska. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kashi 52% na cire danshi na fiber auduga ya kasance kashi 95% na fiber polyester tashoshi hudu bayan mintuna 30. Irin wannan nau'in fiber yana da tasiri musamman a cikin tufafin wasanni da kayan aikin soja marasa nauyi, wanda zai iya kiyaye fata bushe da jin dadi, kuma yana da kyakkyawan yanayin kiyaye zafi da ayyukan tabbatar da sanyi.
9. Polyester porous m sashe fiber "wellkey"
Manufar ci gaban Wellkey shine ɗaukar gumi na ruwa azaman abu don cimma cikakkiyar shaƙar gumi da bushewa cikin sauri. Wellkey shine fiber na polyester mara kyau. Daga saman fiber ɗin, akwai pores da yawa da ke shiga cikin ɓangaren ɓoyayyen. Ruwan ruwa na iya shiga cikin rami mara kyau daga saman fiber. Wannan tsarin fiber yana nufin iyakar yawan sha ruwa da abun ciki na danshi. A cikin tsarin jujjuyawar, an haɗe wani wakili na musamman na kafa pore kuma an narkar da shi don samar da tsarin fiber. Fiber yana da kyakkyawan shayewar gumi da halayen bushewa da sauri, kuma galibi ana amfani dashi azaman masana'anta na petticoats, tights, kayan wasanni, riguna, tufafin horo, riguna da sauran suttura. Bugu da kari, saboda fa'idarsa na shan ruwa da bushewa da sauri da tsadar bushewa, yana kuma da fa'idar aikace-aikacen da ba a saka ba da kuma wuraren kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya.
10. Fiber polyester mai girma mai girma uku
An yi farkon firam ɗin crimp mai girma uku ta amfani da polymers guda biyu tare da kaddarorin raguwa daban-daban ta hanyar fasahar kadi da takamaiman tsari na sanyaya. Bayan zana, ya haifar da ƙumburi na halitta saboda bambancin raguwa. Tsarin shirye-shiryen na yanzu ya sami ci gaba mai girma, wato, yana ɗaukar fasaha ta musamman na ƙirar ƙirar rami na eccentric spinneret, haɗe tare da tsarin sanyaya tsarin asymmetric da tsarin zane mai dacewa da tsari na gaba, fiber da aka shirya yana da babban digiri na curl, na halitta da na dindindin curl. da kuma kyakkyawan riƙewa. A halin yanzu, nau'ikan da aka haɓaka sun haɗa da ramuka huɗu, rami bakwai ko ma ramuka tara gurɓatattun zaruruwa masu girma dabam. Fiber mai fashe mai girma uku ana amfani dashi ko'ina wajen cikawa da filayen filayen zafi.
Tarin bayanai: rini da ƙare Encyclopedia
Daga: Hakikanin masana'anta asusu na hukuma
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-21-2022