1.ʻIke ʻike naʻau
(1) Mama nā ʻano hana
Nānā maka:e hoʻohana i ka hopena ʻike maka o nā maka e nānā i ka ʻulaʻula, ka waihoʻoluʻu, ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili, a me nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka hui, ka palaoa a me ka fiber.
lima lima:e hoʻohana i ka hopena tactile o ka lima e ʻike ai i ka paʻakikī, ka ʻoluʻolu, ka ʻala, ka maikaʻi, ka elasticity, ka mahana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka lole. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ikaika a me ka elasticity o nā fibers a me nā yarns i ka lole e ka lima.
Lohe a honi:He mea kōkua ka lohe ʻana a me ka honi ʻana i nā mea maka o kekahi mau lole. Eia kekahi laʻana, he leo siliki kūikawā ko ka siliki; ʻOkoʻa ka leo haehae o nā lole fiber like ʻole; ʻOkoʻa ka ʻala o ka lole acrylic a me ka hulu hipa.
(2) ʻEhā ʻanuʻu
ʻO ka hana muaʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui o nā fiber a i ʻole nā lole.
ʻO ka ʻanuʻu ʻeluaʻo ia ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i nā ʻano mea maka e like me nā hiʻohiʻona sensory o nā fibers i loko o ka lole.
ʻO ke kolu o ka ʻanuʻuʻo ia ka hoʻoholo hope e like me nā hiʻohiʻona sensory o ka lole.
ʻO ka ʻanuʻu ʻehāʻo ia ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā hopena hoʻokolokolo. Inā maopopo ʻole ka hoʻoholo, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ala ʻē aʻe no ka hōʻoia. Inā hewa ka hoʻoholo ʻana, hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka ʻike sensory a i ʻole e hui pū ʻia me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.
2.ʻAno ʻike ahi
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona puhi o nā fiber textile maʻamau
① ʻO ka pulupulu pulupulu, e ʻā ana inā he ahi, e ʻā wikiwiki ana, e hana ana i ka lapalapa melemele a me ka ʻala; Aia kahi uahi keʻokeʻo hina hina, hiki ke hoʻomau i ka ʻā ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke ahi. Ma hope o ka puhi ʻana i ke ahi, aia nō nā ʻāʻā, akā ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi; Ma hope o ka puhi ʻana, hiki iā ia ke mālama i ke ʻano o ka velvet, a maʻalahi ka haki ʻana i ka lehu lehu ke hoʻopā ʻia e ka lima. He ʻeleʻele ka lehu a me ka pauda palupalu, a ʻeleʻele ka ʻāpana o ka fiber.
② Hemp fiber, ʻaʻā wikiwiki, palupalu, ʻaʻole heheʻe, ʻaʻole emi, hoʻopuka i ka lapalapa melemele a uliuli paha, a he ʻala o ka mauʻu ʻā; E waiho i ka lapalapa a hoʻomau i ke ahi wikiwiki; He liʻiliʻi ka lehu, ma ke ʻano o ka lehu mauʻu keʻokeʻo hina.
③ ʻAʻole e ʻā koke ka huluhulu ke pili i ka lapalapa. E emi mua ia, a laila e puhi, a laila hoʻomaka ke kaula e ʻā; He ʻalani melemele ka lapalapa, a ʻoi aku ka lohi o ke ahi ma mua o ko ka pulupulu pulupulu. I ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lapalapa, e pau koke ka ʻā ʻana o ka lapalapa. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻomau ʻana i ke ahi, a aia ke ʻala o ka lauoho a me ka hulu; ʻAʻole hiki i ka lehu ke mālama i ke ʻano fiber kumu, akā he amorphous a spherical a ʻālohilohi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻāpana ʻāpana, hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ma ke kaomi ʻana me kou manamana lima. He nui ka lehu a he ʻala o ke ahi.
④ ʻO ka siliki, e ʻā mālie ana, heheʻe a wili, a emi i loko o ka poepoe i ka wā e ʻā ana, me ka ʻala o ka lauoho ʻā; I ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lapalapa, e ʻā iki ia, e ʻā mālie, a i kekahi manawa e pio iā ia iho; He pōpō ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka hina, hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ma ke kaomi ʻana me kou manamana lima.
⑤ Ua like ke ano wela o ka pulupulu me ka pulupulu, aka, ua oi aku ka wikiwiki o ka wela o ka pulupulu, me ka lehu iki. I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i kona ʻano kumu, a e hoʻopuka ka viscose fiber i kahi kani ʻakaʻaka liʻiliʻi i ke ahi.
⑥ ʻO ka fiber acetate, me ka wikiwiki o ka puhi ʻana, nā ʻulaʻula, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka ʻā ʻana i ka manawa like, a me ka ʻala o ka vīneka acrid i ke ahi; E hoʻoheheʻe a puhi i ka wā e waiho ana i ka lapalapa; He ʻeleʻele ka hina, ʻālohilohi a maʻamau, hiki ke ʻoki ʻia me nā manamana lima.
⑦ ʻO ka fiber amonia keleawe, ʻaʻa wikiwiki, hoʻoheheʻe ʻole, ʻaʻole emi, me ka ʻala o ka pepa puhi; E waiho i ka lapalapa a hoʻomau i ke ahi wikiwiki; ʻO ka lehu he hina hina a hina keʻokeʻo.
⑧ ʻO ka nylon, ke kokoke i ka lapalapa, e emi ai ka fiber. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka lapalapa, emi koke ka fiber a hoʻoheheʻe i loko o kahi mea colloidal akaka me nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.
⑨ ʻO ka fiber Acrylic, hoʻoheheʻe a ʻā i ka manawa like, e ʻā wikiwiki ana; He keʻokeʻo ka lapalapa, ʻālohilohi a ikaika, ʻeleʻele iki i kekahi manawa; Aia ka ʻala iʻa a i ʻole ka ʻala ʻala e like me ke kā lanahu puhi; E waiho i ka lapalapa a hoʻomau i ke ahi, akā lohi ka wikiwiki o ke ahi; ʻO ka lehu he pōpō ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, maʻalahi ke wili me kou mau manamana lima.
⑩ ʻO Vinylon, i ka wā e puhi ai, e emi koke ka fiber, e wela mālie, a liʻiliʻi loa ka lapalapa, aneane ʻaʻohe uahi; Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka nui o ka fiber, e hana ʻia kahi lapalapa melemele ʻeleʻele nui me nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi; ʻO ka ʻala kūikawā o ke kinoea calcium carbide i ke ahi; E haʻalele i ka lapalapa a hoʻomau i ke ahi, i kekahi manawa e kinai iā ia iho; ʻO ka lehu he liʻiliʻi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele irregular fragile bead, hiki ke wili me nā manamana lima.
⑪ ʻO ka pulupulu polypropylene, i ka wā e ʻokiʻoki ai, ʻoiai e hoʻoheheʻe ana, e wela mālie; Aia nā lapalapa ʻulaʻula uliuli, ka uahi ʻeleʻele, a me nā mea colloidal e kulu ana; Aala like me ka paraffin kuni; E waiho i ka lapalapa a hoʻomau i ke ahi, i kekahi manawa e kinai iā ia iho; ʻAʻohe maʻamau a paʻakikī ka lehu, ʻaʻole hiki ke wili me nā manamana lima.
⑫ ʻO ka chlorine fiber, paʻakikī ke puhi; Hoʻoheheʻe a wela i ka lapalapa ahi, e hoʻopuka ana i ka uahi ʻeleʻele; I ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lapalapa, e pio koke ia a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomau i ke ahi; Aia kahi ʻala chlorine ʻono ʻole i ke ahi; He puʻupuʻu paʻakikī ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka lehu, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke wili me nā manamana lima.
⑬ ʻO Spandex, kokoke i ka lapalapa, hoʻonui mua i ka pōʻai, a laila emi a heheʻe; He'e a wela i ka lapalapa ahi, lohi ka wikiwiki o ke ahi, a melemele a uliuli paha ka lapalapa; E hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wā e ʻā ana i ka wā e haʻalele ai i ka lapalapa, a e kinai mālie iā ia iho; ʻAʻala ʻala kūikawā i ke ahi; ʻO ka lehu he poloka pipili keʻokeʻo.
3.Keʻano gradient density
Penei ke kaʻina hana ʻike o ke ʻano gradient density: ʻo ka mua, e hoʻomākaukau i ka solution gradient density ma ka hui pono ʻana i ʻelua ʻano wai māmā a kaumaha me nā ʻano like ʻole e hiki ke hui pū kekahi me kekahi. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka xylene ma ke ʻano he wai māmā a hoʻohana ʻia ka carbon tetrachloride e like me ka wai kaumaha. Ma ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, hoʻopuehu nā molekole wai māmā a me nā molekole wai kaumaha kekahi i kekahi ma ke kikowaena o nā wai ʻelua, i hiki ai i ka wai hui ke hana i kahi hopena gradient density me nā hoʻololi mau ʻana mai luna a lalo i ka paipu gradient density. E hoʻohana i nā pōpō mānoanoa maʻamau e calibrate i nā kumu kūʻai ma kēlā me kēia kiʻekiʻe. A laila, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻia ka fiber textile e hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka degreasing, maloʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hana ʻia i mau pōpō liʻiliʻi. E hoʻokomo ʻia nā pōpō liʻiliʻi i loko o ka puʻupuʻu gradient density, a e ana ʻia ka waiwai nui o ka fiber a e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka maʻamau maʻamau o ka fiber, i ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka fiber. No ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai gradient density me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahana, pono e mālama mau ʻia ka mahana o ka wai gradient density i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo.
4.Microscopy
Ma ka nānā ʻana i ka morphology longitudinal o nā fiber textile ma lalo o ka microscope, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana nui o lākou; Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka inoa kikoʻī o ka fiber ma ka nānā ʻana i ka morphology cross-sectional o ka fiber textile.
5.ʻano hoʻoheheʻe
No nā lole lole maʻemaʻe, e hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻano o nā reagents kemika i ka pahu hoʻāʻo i loaʻa nā fibers textile e ʻike ʻia i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai, a laila e nānā ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā fibers textile (dissolved, partially dissolved, dissolved iki, insoluble). hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻia, a me ka mahana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai lākou (hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ka lumi wela, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka wela, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hoʻolapalapa) e hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia.
No ka lole i hui ʻia, pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lole i loko o ka lole lole, a laila kau i ka lole lole ma luna o ke aniani paheʻe me ka concave ʻili, wehe i nā fibers, hoʻokuʻu i nā reagents kemika, a nānā i lalo o ka microscope e nānā i ka hemo ʻana o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana a hoʻoholo i ke ʻano fiber.
No ka mea ʻo ka ʻike a me ka mahana o ka solvent kemika i ka hopena o ka solubility o ka fiber textile, pono e hoʻomalu pono ʻia ka neʻe ʻana a me ka mahana o ka reagent kemika i ka wā e ʻike ai i ka fiber textile ma ke ʻano dissolution.
6.ʻO ke ʻano kala kala reagent
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻonaʻau ʻana he ʻano e ʻike koke ai i nā ʻano fiber textile e like me nā ʻano hoʻoluʻu like ʻole o nā fiber textile like ʻole i kekahi mau reagents kemika. Hoʻohana wale ʻia ke ʻano kala kala Reagent i nā ʻili a me nā lole wili ʻole a i ʻole maʻemaʻe. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā lole lole kala a i ʻole ka lole lole.
7.Keʻano helu heheʻe
Hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ma luna o nā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ʻokoʻa o nā fiber synthetic like ʻole. Ua ana ʻia ka helu heheʻe e ka mika helu heheʻe, i mea e ʻike ai i nā ʻano o nā fiber textile. ʻAʻohe wahi heheʻe pololei ka hapa nui o nā fiber synthetic. ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka helu heheʻe o ka fiber synthetic like, akā paʻa maoli ka helu heheʻe ma kahi ākea. No laila, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano o ka fiber synthetic e like me ka helu heheʻe. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ala e ʻike ai i nā fiber synthetic. ʻAʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia kēia ʻano, akā hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he ala kōkua no ka hōʻoia ʻana ma hope o ka ʻike mua ʻana. Hoʻopili wale ia i nā lole fiber synthetic maʻemaʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mālama ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-17-2022