Polyester a me ka polyester

ʻO ka polyester ka mea maʻamau i kahi pūhui molekala kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ma ka polycondensation o ka waika dibasic a me ka waiʻona dibasic, a ua hoʻopili ʻia kona mau kaulahao kumu e nā kaula ester. Nui nā ʻano o nā fibers polyester, e like me ka polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), fiber, polypropylene terephthalate (PPT), fiber, etc. i waena o lākou, ʻo nā fibers me ka polyethylene terephthalate content ʻoi aku ma mua o 85% ka mea nui. nā mea, a ua hoʻomalu ʻia ke kaumaha molekala ma waena o 18000 a me 25000. ʻO ka mea nui ʻO ka molecular structure penei:

1. Polyester (PET) fiber

Ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi o ka polyester i ka makahiki 1930. Ua hana ʻia e ka poʻe Pelekania e like me whinfield a me Dickson. I ka makahiki 1949, ua hana ʻia ia ma Beretania a ma 1953 i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. He huahana ia o nā ʻano nui o nā fibers synthetic i hoʻomohala i ka lohi, akā ua ulu wikiwiki.

ʻO ke kaumaha o ka polyester ka 18000 ~ 25000, a ʻo ke degere o ka polymerization he 100 ~ 140. ʻO nā macromolecules he symmetrical chemical structure. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, ua maʻalahi nā macromolecules e hana i nā kristal a paʻa ke ʻano o ka fiber. Loaʻa i nā macromolecules polyester nā apo benzene, ʻo ia nā macromolecules paʻa. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā lākou nā kaulahao aliphatic hydrocarbon, e hoʻololi i nā molekala. ʻAʻohe pūʻulu polar ʻē aʻe i loko o ka macromolecule koe ʻelua mau pūʻulu hydroxyl i hoʻopau ʻia. Me ka maʻiʻo ester kiʻekiʻe, e hiki mai ana ka hydrolysis a me ka haʻihaʻi wela i ka wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka polyester. He poepoe kona pauku kea, he kookoo aniani kona aoao longitudinal, a he 1.38 ~ 1.40g/cm3 kona nui.

Ma Kina, kapa ʻia ka fiber me ka polyethylene terephthalate ma mua o 85% he polyester, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Dacron". He nui nā inoa waiwai haole, e like me "Dacron" ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, "tetoron" ma Iapana, "terlenka" ma United Kingdom, a me "lavsan" ma ka Soviet Union mua.

2. Cationic dyeable polyester (CDP) puluniu

Hiki ke hoʻoluʻu ʻia ka polyester i hoʻololi ʻia (CDP) me nā dyes cationic ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā hui acidic e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā wai cationic i loko o nā kaulahao molekala PET. Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia ʻo CDP e ka hui ʻAmelika DuPont. I ka pau ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ʻo kāna huahana i helu ʻia no ka 1/6 o ka nui o ka puka o ka fiber PET. ʻO kona mau ʻano maʻamau he dacron t64, dacron T65, a pēlā aku. ʻAʻole maikaʻi wale ka hana kala ʻana o ka CDP, akā hiki ke hoʻoluʻu ʻia i loko o ka ʻauʻau like me nā fiber maoli e like me ka hulu hipa, kahi kūpono no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoluʻu o nā lole i hui ʻia. Inā hui ʻia a hui pū ʻia me ka polyester maʻamau, hiki iā ia ke hana i ka ʻauʻau like ʻole ka hopena kala like ʻole, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ke kala o nā lole. No laila, ua lilo ʻo CDP i mea hoʻomohala wikiwiki i nā ʻano polyester i hoʻololi ʻia. Hoʻomākaukau nui ʻia ka CDP ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kolu a i ʻole ka ʻehā o ka monomer, e like me ka sodium dimethyl isophthalate sulfonate (SIPM), i ke kaulahao macromolecular holoholona e ka copolymerization a me ka copolymerization graft. I ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o kahi pūʻulu ʻakika sulfonic i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ke kaulahao molekiko CDP, i ka wā e hoʻoluu ai, e hoʻololi nā ion metala ma ka pūʻulu ʻakika sulfonic me nā cations i loko o ke kala, no laila e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ion dye ma ke kaulahao macromolecular CDP. E hoʻoneʻe mau ʻia nā paʻakai i hana ʻia ma ka wai, a e hoʻomau ka hopena. ʻO ka hope, e loaʻa ka hopena kala.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana o CDP e like me ka holoholona, ​​​​hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka hoʻomau a me ka intermittent. Ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole o nā mea maka, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka CDP i ke ala DMT a me ke ala PTA. Hoʻopau ka CDP i ke ʻano o ka fiber ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā pūʻulu hou i ke kaulahao macromolecular, e hōʻemi ana i ka helu heheʻe, ka mahana hoʻololi aniani a me ka crystallinity o ka fiber. Ma ka ʻāina amorphous, hoʻonui ka intermolecular space, kahi e kūpono ai i nā molekala kala e komo i loko o ka fiber. He haʻahaʻa ka ikaika o CDP ma mua o ka polyester maʻamau, akā ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka waiwai anti pilling o ka lole, a palupalu a plump ka lima. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ka hulu hipa kiʻekiʻe e like me nā huahana. Pono ke kala ʻana o ka CDP maʻamau i ka wela kiʻekiʻe (120 ~ 140 ℃) a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mea lawe, i mea e loaʻa ai ka waiwai kala. No laila, i ke koho ʻana i nā mea pena, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wela o nā mea i koho ʻia.

3. Ke ana wela lumi a me ka puluniu polyester dyeable ka lewa (ECDP).

Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka polyester EDDP ma ka mahana maʻamau a me ke kaomi ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka monomer ʻehā i ke kaʻina o ka polymerization holoholona maʻamau. ʻO ka mea nui kēia no ka mea ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻāpana kaulahao polyethylene glycol i loko o ke kaulahao macromolecular holoholona, ​​​​e hoʻolilo i ka molecular structure o ka fiber a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāina amorphous, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke komo ʻana o nā dyes cationic i loko o ka fiber a me ka hui pū ʻana. me nā pūʻulu ʻakika sulfonic. No laila, hiki ke hoʻoluʻu ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi maʻamau e hoʻolapalapa ana i nā kūlana dyeing. ʻOi aku ka palupalu o ka lima o ka ECDP fiber a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka CDP a me ka fiber PET. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka ikehu haʻahaʻa o ka māhele ʻehā o ka monomer polyethylene glycol, ua hoʻemi ʻia ke kūpaʻa wela o ka fiber ECDP, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka nalowale o ka fiber ECDP ma mua o 30% i ka mahana hao o 180 ℃. No laila, ʻo ka lole i hana ʻia me ka fiber ECDP pono e uku nui ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hope, ka holoi ʻana a me ka hao.

4. PTT fiber

ʻO ka fiber PTT ka pōkole o ka polypropylene terephthalate fiber. Ua kapa ʻia kekahi poʻe ma waho i ka PTT ʻo ka fiber nui o ke kenekulia 21, a ʻo "Corterra" kāna inoa kālepa.

No ka ʻohana polyester ka PTT, ka pipi a me ka PBT, a ua like ko lākou mau waiwai. ʻO ka fiber PTT nā hiʻohiʻona o ka polyester a me ka nylon. He maʻalahi ka holoi a maloʻo e like me ka polyester, loaʻa ka elasticity hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa crease, a maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa pollution, ka pale māmā a me ka manaʻo lima. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kala ʻana ma mua o ka polyester, a hiki ke kala ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi maʻamau. Ma lalo o nā kūlana like, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke komo ʻana o ka wai i ka fiber PTT ma mua o ko ka holoholona, ​​​​a ʻano like ke kala a maikaʻi ka wikiwiki o ka waihoʻoluʻu. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka nylon, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lole PTT fiber a me ka hoʻihoʻi tensile, a loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka elasticity nui a me ka fluffy maikaʻi, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i nā kapena a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

5. PBT puluniu

ʻO ka pulupulu PBT ka pōkole o ka polybutylene terephthalate fiber. Hana ʻia ka fiber PBT me ka dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) a i ʻole terephthalic acid (TPA), ka mea nui o ka polyester, a me 1,4 - butanediol. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā pulupulu PBT e ka hehee ʻana o DMT a me 1,4 - butanediol ma ke kiʻekiʻe wela a me ka ʻūhā, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka titanium organik a i ʻole nā ​​pūhui tin a me ka tetrabutyl titanate e like me nā catalysts. ʻO ka polymerization, spinning, post-processing technology a me nā mea hana o ka fiber PBT he mea like ia me ka polyester.

ʻO ka pulupulu PBT nāʻano like me ka polyester fiber, e like me ka ikaika maikaʻi, ka holoi maʻalahi a me ka maloʻo wikiwiki, ka nui paʻa, ka paʻaʻana o keʻano maikaʻi, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. lohi, loaʻa ka elasticity maikaʻi, liʻiliʻi ka loli i ka elasticity ma hope o ka wela, a palupalu. ʻO kekahi pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe o ka fiber PBT ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona dyeability ma mua o ka polyester. Hiki ke hoʻoluʻu ʻia ka lole PBT me nā wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka paila ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ke kaomi lewa. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana o ka PBT fiber, ke kūpaʻa kemika a me ka pale wela. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pulupulu PBT i nā plastik ʻenekinia, nā mea hana hale a me nā ʻāpana mīkini.

6. pulu peni

ʻO ka peni peni ka pōkole o ka polyethylene naphthalate fiber. E like me ka polyester, ka peni peni he semi crystalline thermoplastic polyester material, i hoʻolauna mua ʻia e ka hui KASA o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO kāna hana hana ma o ka transesterification o dimethyl 2,6 - naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) a me ka ethylene glycol (eg), a laila polycondensation; ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe ka esterification pololei o ka 2,6 - naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDCA) a me ka ethylene glycol (eg), a laila polycondensation. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa wela o ka peni ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā pūhui i loaʻa nā amine organik a me ka phosphorus organik.

ʻO ke kaʻina wili o ka fiber peni e like me ka polyester. ʻO ke kaʻina hana: ʻo ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu → kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki wili → kiʻi. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana hoʻololi aniani o ka fiber peni ma mua o ka polyester fiber, pono e hoʻololi ʻia ke kaʻina hana. Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka multi pass drafting a e hoʻonui ʻia ka mahana hoʻolālā e pale aku i ka hopena o ka maikaʻi o ka fiber ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka orientation molecular. Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka polyester maʻamau,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mīkini a me ka wela o ka peni peni, e like me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka modulus kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa tensile maikaʻi a me ka rigidity kiʻekiʻe; ʻO ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, ka nui paʻa, ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka deform, maikaʻi ka lapalapa ahi; ʻO ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa hydrolysis; ʻO ka pale ʻana o UV a me ka pale ʻana i ka wā kahiko.

7. Mākū a maloʻo polyester filament

Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka fiber, hoʻonui ʻia ka āpau ma waena o nā fibers hoʻokahi, hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻāpana kikoʻī kikoʻī, a hoʻomaikaʻi nui ka hopena capillary i kona conductivity moisture, i mea e hana ai i ka filament polyester pulu a maloʻo. ʻO ka lole fiber he maikaʻi loa ka conductivity moisture a me ka hana diffusion moisture. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia me ka pulupulu pulupulu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi. Me kahi hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho kūpono, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena. ʻO ka lole maloʻo, anuanu a ʻoluʻolu. He kūpono ia no nā lole haʻuki i ulana ʻia, nā pālule i ulana ʻia, nā lole lole kauwela, nā kākahu polyester, etc.

8. High dehumidification eha kanal polyester fiber

Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Du Pont i kahi TEFRA - channel polyester fiber me ka mana wicking maikaʻi loa. He mea hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka fiber i hana ʻia me ka fiber synthetic hydrophobic, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka hou mai ka ʻili hū nui a i ka ʻili lole no ka hoʻoluʻu evaporative. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena he 52% ka pākēneka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka pulupulu a ʻo 95% ka nui o ka fiber polyester ʻehā ma hope o 30min. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano fiber i nā lole haʻuki a me nā lole lole māmā māmā, hiki ke mālama i ka ʻili i maloʻo a ʻoluʻolu, a loaʻa iā ia ka mālama wela maikaʻi a me nā hana hōʻoia anuanu.

9. Polyester porous hollow pauku puluniu "wellkey"

ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Wellkey, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i ka hou wai ma ke ʻano he mea e hoʻokō ai i ka komo ʻana o ka hou a me ka maloʻo wikiwiki. ʻO Wellkey kahi fiber hollow polyester. Mai ka ʻili o ka fiber, nui nā pores e komo ana i loko o ka ʻaoʻao puka. Hiki i ka wai wai ke komo i loko o ka ʻaoʻao puka mai ka ʻili fiber. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano fiber i ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai a me ka ʻoluʻolu. I ke kaʻina wili, ua hui ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kahi mea hana pore kūikawā e hana i ke ʻano o ka fiber. He maikaʻi loa ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka pulupulu a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki, a hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me ka lole o nā petticoats, tights, nā lole haʻuki, nā pālule, nā lole hoʻomaʻamaʻa, nā ʻaʻahu a me nā lole ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ma muli o kāna mau mea maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai a me ka hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki ʻana a me ke kumukūʻai hoʻomaloʻo haʻahaʻa, loaʻa nō hoʻi ia i nā manaʻo ākea ākea i nā kahua ʻaʻahu ʻole a me nā kahua olakino a me ke olakino.

10. ʻEkolu manaʻo crimped hollow polyester fiber

Ua hana ʻia ka fiber crimp ʻekolu-dimensional mua ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua polymers me nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ma o ka ʻenehana milo puʻupuʻu a me ke kaʻina hana hoʻoluʻu kikoʻī. Ma hope o ke kaha kiʻi ʻana, ua hana ʻia ka crimp kūlohelohe ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka emi ʻana. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau i kēia manawa ua holomua nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka ʻenehana patented kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻolālā hole eccentric spinneret, i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu asymmetric a me ke kaʻina hana kiʻi a me ke kaʻina hana. a me ka mālama pumehana maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ʻano ʻano i kūkulu ʻia he ʻehā puka, ʻehiku puka a i ʻole ʻeiwa puka ʻekolu-dimensional crimped hollow fibers. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka fiber crimped hollow ʻekolu i ka hoʻopiha ʻana a me nā kīhāpai wela.

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