1.Kev paub txog kev xav
(1) Mahauv txoj kev
Kev soj ntsuam qhov muag:siv qhov muag pom kev ntawm lub qhov muag los saib cov luster, dyeing, roughness ntawm qhov chaw, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub koom haum, nplej thiab fiber ntau.
Tes kov:Siv cov nyhuv tactile ntawm tes kom hnov qhov hardness, smoothness, roughness, fineness, elasticity, warmth, thiab lwm yam.Lub zog thiab elasticity ntawm fibers thiab yarns nyob rau hauv cov ntaub kuj raug kuaj los ntawm tes.
Hnov thiab hnov tsw:hnov thiab hnov tsw yog pab tau los txiav txim cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm qee cov ntaub.Piv txwv li, txhob lo lo ntxhuav muaj lub suab lo lo ntxhuav tshwj xeeb;Lub suab nrov ntawm cov ntaub fiber ntau sib txawv;Qhov tsw ntawm acrylic thiab ntaub plaub yog txawv.
(2) Plaub kauj ruam
Thawj kauj ruamyog kom paub qhov txawv qhov loj ntawm fibers lossis fabrics.
Qhov thib ob kauj ruamyog txhawm rau txiav txim siab ntxiv cov khoom siv raw raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov fibers hauv cov ntaub.
Kauj ruam pebyog ua qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg raws li qhov kev xav ntawm cov ntaub.
Kauj ruam plaubyog los xyuas qhov kev txiav txim.Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim tsis meej, lwm txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas.Yog tias qhov kev txiav txim tsis yog lawm, qhov kev paub txog kev hnov lus tuaj yeem rov ua dua lossis ua ke nrog lwm txoj hauv kev.
2.combustion identification method
Combustion yam ntxwv ntawm ntau textile fibers
① Cov paj rwb fiber ntau, kub hnyiab tau thaum muaj hluav taws kub, kub hnyiab tau sai, ua cov nplaim daj thiab tsis hnov tsw;Muaj cov pa luam yeeb dawb me me, uas tuaj yeem hlawv txuas ntxiv tom qab tawm hauv hluav taws.Tom qab tshuab hluav taws xob tawm, tseem muaj cov nplaim taws kub hnyiab, tab sis lub sijhawm tsis ntev;Tom qab hlawv, nws tuaj yeem khaws cov duab ntawm velvet, thiab yooj yim tawg rau hauv xoob tshauv thaum kov ntawm tes.Cov hmoov tshauv yog grey thiab mos hmoov, thiab charred ib feem ntawm fiber yog dub.
② Hemp fiber, hlawv ceev, softens, tsis yaj, tsis ntsws, ua daj lossis xiav nplaim, thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov nyom hlawv;Tawm ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab txuas ntxiv hlawv sai sai;Muaj ob peb tshauv, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub teeb grey los yog dawb straw tshauv.
③ Cov ntaub plaub tsis hlawv tam sim ntawd thaum nws tiv cov nplaim taws.Nws xub shrinks, ces haus luam yeeb, thiab ces cov fiber pib hlawv;Cov nplaim taws yog cov txiv kab ntxwv daj, thiab qhov kub ceev yog qeeb dua li cov paj rwb fiber ntau.Thaum tawm ntawm cov nplaim taws, cov nplaim taws yuav tsum tsis txhob hlawv tam sim ntawd.Nws tsis yooj yim rau kev hlawv ntxiv, thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov plaub hau thiab plaub;Cov hmoov tshauv tsis tuaj yeem khaws cov duab fiber ntau, tab sis nws yog amorphous lossis spherical ci iab dub xim av crisp daim, uas tuaj yeem tsoo los ntawm nias nrog koj cov ntiv tes.Cov hmoov tshauv muaj coob tus thiab tsw tsw ntawm hlawv.
④ Txhob lo lo ntxhuav, kub hnyiab, yaj thiab curls, thiab shrinks rau hauv ib lub pob thaum hlawv, nrog ib tug tsis hnov tsw ntawm cov plaub hau kub;Thaum tawm hauv cov nplaim taws, nws yuav nyem me ntsis, hlawv maj mam, thiab qee zaum nws tus kheej tua;Grey yog ib lub pob xim av tsaus nti, uas tuaj yeem tsoo los ntawm nias nrog koj cov ntiv tes.
⑤ Kev kub nyhiab ntawm viscose fiber yog qhov pib zoo ib yam li cov paj rwb, tab sis qhov kub ceev ntawm viscose fiber yog me ntsis sai dua li cov paj rwb fiber ntau, nrog cov tshauv tsawg.Qee lub sij hawm nws tsis yooj yim los khaws nws cov duab qub, thiab cov viscose fiber ntau yuav tawm suab me ntsis thaum hlawv.
⑥ Acetate fiber, nrog ceev ceev ceev, sparks, melting thiab hlawv tib lub sij hawm, thiab acrid vinegar tsw thaum hlawv;Qhuav thiab hlawv thaum tawm hauv nplaim taws;Grey yog xim dub, ci ntsa iab thiab tsis sib xws, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov ntiv tes.
⑦ Copper ammonia fiber ntau, hlawv ceev, tsis yaj, tsis shrinking, nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov ntawv hlawv;Tawm ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab txuas ntxiv hlawv sai sai;Cov tshauv yog lub teeb grey los yog grey dawb.
⑧ Nylon, thaum nws nyob ze ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws, ua rau cov fiber ntau ntsws.Tom qab hu rau cov nplaim taws, cov fibers sai sai sai thiab yaj mus rau hauv cov khoom pob tshab colloidal nrog cov npuas me me.
⑨ Acrylic fiber, yaj thiab hlawv tib lub sijhawm, kub ceev;Cov nplaim yog dawb, ci thiab muaj zog, qee zaum cov pa luam yeeb dub me ntsis;Muaj cov ntxhiab tsw tsw los yog tsw ntxhiab tsw zoo ib yam li hlawv cov tar;Tawm ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab txuas ntxiv hlawv, tab sis qhov kub ceev yog qeeb;Cov tshauv yog xim av xim av xim av tsis sib xws nkig pob, uas yooj yim rau twist nrog koj cov ntiv tes.
⑩ Vinylon, thaum kub hnyiab, cov fibers shrinks sai, kub hnyiab, thiab nplaim taws me me, yuav luag tsis haus luam yeeb;Thaum cov fiber ntau yaj, cov nplaim daj daj loj yuav raug tsim nrog cov npuas me me;Tshwj xeeb tsw ntawm calcium carbide roj thaum hlawv;Tawm ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab txuas ntxiv hlawv, qee zaum nws tus kheej tua;Cov tshauv yog ib qho me me xim av xim av tsis sib haum xeeb, uas tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov ntiv tes.
⑪ Polypropylene fiber ntau, thaum crimping, thaum melting, maj mam hlawv;Muaj cov nplaim taws xiav xiav, cov pa luam yeeb dub, thiab cov tshuaj colloidal poob;tsw zoo ib yam li hlawv paraffin;Tawm ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab txuas ntxiv hlawv, qee zaum nws tus kheej tua;Cov hmoov tshauv tsis sib xws thiab tawv, pob tshab, thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev sib tw nrog cov ntiv tes.
⑫ Chlorine fiber, nyuaj rau hlawv;Qhuav thiab hlawv nyob rau hauv cov nplaim taws, emitting cov pa luam yeeb dub;Thaum tawm hauv cov nplaim taws, nws yuav raug tua tam sim ntawd thiab tsis tuaj yeem hlawv ntxiv;Muaj ib qho tsis kaj siab pungent chlorine tsw thaum hlawv;Cov tshauv yog ib qho tsis xwm yeem tsaus xim av tawv pob, uas tsis yooj yim rau twist nrog ntiv tes.
⑬ Spandex, ze rau ntawm cov nplaim taws, thawj zaug nthuav mus rau hauv ib lub voj voog, ces shrinks thiab melts;Qhuav thiab hlawv nyob rau hauv cov nplaim taws, qhov kub ceev kuj qeeb, thiab cov nplaim yog daj lossis xiav;Melt thaum hlawv thaum tawm hauv nplaim taws, thiab maj mam tua tus kheej;Tshwj xeeb pungent tsw thaum hlawv;Tshauv yog cov nplaum nplaum dawb.
3.Txoj kev ceev gradient
Cov txheej txheem kev txheeb xyuas qhov ceev gradient txoj kev yog raws li hauv qab no: ua ntej, npaj density gradient tov los ntawm kev sib tov ob hom lub teeb thiab hnyav kua uas sib txawv ntom uas tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke.Feem ntau, xylene yog siv los ua lub teeb ua kua thiab carbon tetrachloride yog siv ua kua hnyav.Los ntawm diffusion, lub teeb kua molecules thiab hnyav kua molecules diffuse ib leeg nyob rau hauv lub interface ntawm ob lub kua, yog li ntawd cov kua tov muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug ceev gradient tov nrog tas li hloov los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab nyob rau hauv lub ntom gradient raj.Siv cov pob qhov hnyav los ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm txhua qhov siab.Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom siv fiber ntau yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau pretreated los ntawm degreasing, ziab, thiab lwm yam, thiab ua rau hauv cov khoom me me.Cov pob me me yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nruj me ntsis hauv lub raj, thiab piv nrog tus qauv ntom ntawm cov fiber ntau, yog li txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov fiber ntau.Vim tias cov kua dej ntom ntom ntom ntom yuav hloov pauv nrog qhov kub thiab txias, qhov kub ntawm cov kua gradient yuav tsum tau khaws cia tas li thaum lub sijhawm kuaj.
4.Microscopy
Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam lub longitudinal morphology ntawm textile fibers nyob rau hauv lub microscope, peb muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov loj pawg uas lawv koom;Lub npe tshwj xeeb ntawm cov fiber ntau tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev saib xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov morphology ntawm textile fiber.
5.Txoj kev tawg
Rau cov ntaub ntawv ntshiab huv, ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj reagents yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv rau hauv lub raj tshuaj uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas thaum lub sij hawm txheeb xyuas, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau (solved, ib nrab yaj, me ntsis yaj, insoluble) yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam thiab. ua tib zoo paub qhov txawv, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov uas lawv tau yaj (tso nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, yaj los ntawm cua sov, yaj los ntawm boiling) yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kaw.
Rau cov ntaub sib xyaw, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau faib cov ntaub rau hauv textile fibers, tom qab ntawd muab cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau tso rau ntawm cov iav swb nrog concave nto, nthuav tawm cov fibers, tso cov tshuaj reagents, thiab saib xyuas hauv qab lub tshuab ntsuas kom pom qhov sib cais ntawm cov fibers thiab txiav txim siab hom fiber ntau.
Vim tias qhov concentration thiab kub ntawm cov tshuaj hnyav muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau kev solubility ntawm textile fiber, qhov concentration thiab kub ntawm cov tshuaj reagent yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj thaum txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv fiber ntau los ntawm txoj kev sib cais.
6.Reagent coloring method
Reagent dyeing method yog ib txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv fiber ntau sai raws li qhov sib txawv dyeing zog ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv fibers rau qee cov tshuaj reagents.Reagent colouring txoj kev tsuas yog siv tau rau cov uas tsis yog dyed los yog ntshiab spun yarns thiab fabrics.Colored textiles los yog textile fabrics yuav tsum muaj kev vam meej decolorized.
7.Melting point method
Txoj kev melting point yog raws li qhov sib txawv melting yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam hluavtaws fibers.Lub melting point yog ntsuas los ntawm lub melting point meter, thiaj li mus txheeb xyuas ntau yam ntawm textile fibers.Feem ntau cov hluavtaws fibers tsis muaj qhov tseeb melting point.Lub melting point ntawm tib cov hluavtaws fiber ntau tsis yog tus nqi ruaj khov, tab sis lub melting point yog qhov yooj yim kho nyob rau hauv qhov nqaim.Yog li ntawd, hom hluavtaws fiber ntau tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li qhov chaw melting.Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas cov hluavtaws fibers.Txoj kev no tsis yog siv yooj yim, tab sis yog siv los ua ib txoj hauv kev rau kev txheeb xyuas tom qab kev txheeb xyuas ua ntej.Nws tsuas yog siv tau rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntshiab uas tsis muaj kev kho mob yaj.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-17-2022