Polyester na polyester

Polyester na-ezokarị aka na ngwakọta molekụla dị elu nke enwetara site na polycondensation nke dibasic acid na mmanya dibasic, yana njikọ njikọ ya bụ isi site na ester bond. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke polyester fibers, dị ka polyethylene terephthalate (PET) eriri, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) eriri, polypropylene terephthalate (PPT) eriri, wdg n'etiti ha, eriri na polyethylene terephthalate ọdịnaya nke ihe karịrị 85% bụ isi. ndị, na molekụla arọ na-adịkarị na-achịkwa n'etiti 18000 na 25000. Isi Ọdịdị molecular bụ dị ka ndị a:

1. Polyester (PET) eriri

Nnyocha nke polyester malitere na 1930. Ọ bụ ndị Britain dị ka whinfield na Dickson chepụtara ya. Na 1949, e wulitere ya na Britain na na 1953 na United States. Ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke nnukwu ụdị eriri sịntetịt nke mepụtara n'oge, mana mepụtara ngwa ngwa.

The molekụla arọ nke polyester bụ 18000 ~ 25000, na ogo nke polymerization bụ 100 ~ 140. Macromolecules nwere symmetrical chemical Ọdịdị. N'okpuru ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị, macromolecules dị mfe ịmepụta kristal na usoro eriri ahụ bụ kọmpat. Polyester macromolecules nwere mgbanaka benzene, nke bụ isi macromolecules siri ike. N'otu oge ahụ, ha nwekwara aliphatic hydrocarbon chains, na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe. Enweghị otu polar ndị ọzọ na macromolecule ma e wezụga mmanya abụọ kwụsịrị hydroxyl. Site na ọdịnaya ester dị elu, hydrolysis na mgbawa ọkụ ga-eme na okpomọkụ dị elu. Polyester na-agbaze agbaze. Akụkụ obe ya dị okirikiri, ntụzịaka ogologo ya bụ mkpanaka iko, njupụta ya bụ 1.38 ~ 1.40g / cm3.

Na China, a na-akpọ eriri nwere polyethylene terephthalate ọdịnaya karịa 85% polyester, nke a na-akpọkarị "Dacron". E nwere ọtụtụ aha ngwa ahịa mba ọzọ, dị ka “Dacron” na United States, “tetoron” na Japan, “terlenka” na United Kingdom, na “lavsan” n’ebe bụbu Soviet Union.

2. Cationic dyeable polyester (CDP) eriri

Enwere ike iji akwa cationic esiji polyester (CDP) emezigharịrị site na iwebata otu acidic nwere ike jikọta agba cationic n'ime agbụ molecular PET. Ụlọ ọrụ DuPont America bụ nke mbụ mepụtara CDP. Na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 20, mmepụta ya ruru 1/6 nke mkpokọta PET fiber. Ụdị ya dị iche iche na-agụnye dacron t64, dacron T65, wdg CDP ọ bụghị nanị na ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mma nke ọma, ma ọ pụkwara ịcha ya n'otu bat ahụ na eriri eke dị ka ajị anụ, nke dị mfe iji mee ka usoro ịcha mmiri dị mfe nke akwa akwa. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-agwakọta na interwoven na nkịtị polyester, ọ nwekwara ike na-emepụta otu bath dị iche iche na agba mmetụta, nke ukwuu enriches agba nke akwa. Ya mere, CDP aghọwo ngwa ngwa na-eto eto dị iche iche nke polyester gbanwetụrụ. A na-akwado CDP nke ọma site na ịgbakwunye monomer nke atọ ma ọ bụ anọ, dị ka sodium dimethyl isophthalate sulfonate (SIPM), na agbụ anụ ụlọ macromolecular site na copolymerization na graft copolymerization. Dị ka otu sulfonic acid otu na-adịghị mma na-agbakwunyere na CDP molecular chain, mgbe ị na-agba agba, ions metal na otu sulfonic acid ga-agbanwe na cations dị na agba agba, ya mere a ga-edozi ion dye na CDP macromolecular chain. A ga-ewepụ nnu ndị a na-emepụta site na ịcha mmiri mgbe niile na ngwọta mmiri, na mmeghachi omume ga-aga n'ihu. N'ikpeazụ, a ga-enweta mmetụta agba.

Usoro mmepụta nke CDP yiri nke anụ ụlọ, nke nwere ike kewaa n'ime oge na-aga n'ihu na oge. N'ihi isi mmalite dị iche iche nke akụrụngwa, CDP nwere ike kewaa ụzọ DMT na ụzọ PTA. CDP na-ebibi usoro mbụ nke eriri ahụ n'ihi mgbakwunye nke ìgwè ọhụrụ na agbụ macromolecular, nke na-ebelata ebe mgbaze, iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ na crystallinity nke eriri. Na mpaghara amorphous, oghere intermolecular na-abawanye, nke na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri ihe na-agba agba na-abanye n'ime eriri. Ike nke CDP dị ala karịa nke polyester nkịtị, mana a na-emeziwanye ihe mgbochi pilling nke ákwà ahụ, na aka ahụ dị nro ma dị nro. Enwere ike iji ya mee ajị anụ dị elu dị ka ngwaahịa. Agba nke CDP nkịtị ka na-achọ okpomọkụ dị elu (120 ~ 140 ℃) na nrụgide dị elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ịgbakwunye onye na-ebu ya, ka ọ nwee ike ịcha akwa. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ agba agba, a ghaghị iburu n'uche na agba agba ahọpụtara aghaghị inwe nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ ka mma.

3. Ime ụlọ okpomọkụ na ikuku mgbali dyeable polyester (ECDP) eriri

Enwere ike ịkwado polyester polyester ECDP na okpomọkụ nkịtị na nrụgide site na ịgbakwunye obere monomer nke anọ na usoro nke polymerization anụ ụlọ nkịtị. Nke a bụ tumadi n'ihi na a na-ewebata akụkụ nke polyethylene glycol na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime agbụ anụ ụlọ macromolecular, nke na-eme ka usoro molekụla nke eriri ahụ dịkwuo nro na mpaghara amorphous buru ibu, nke na-eme ka ntinye nke cationic dyes n'ime eriri na nchikota. na ndị ọzọ sulfonic acid otu. Ya mere, enwere ike ịcha ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ agba agba agba agba. Fiber ECDP nwere mmetụta aka dị nro yana ịdị mma karịa CDP na eriri PET. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi ike njikọ dị ala nke akụkụ nke monomer polyethylene glycol nke anọ, nkwụsi ike nke ikuku ECDP na-ebelata, ike ọnwụ nke eriri ECDP karịrị 30% na okpomọkụ ironing nke 180 ℃. Ya mere, a ga-akwụ ụgwọ ihe eji eji eriri ECDP mee ihe nlebara anya pụrụ iche na nhazi, ịsacha na ígwè.

4. PTT eriri

PTT eriri bụ abbreviation nke polypropylene terephthalate eriri. Ụfọdụ ndị mba ọzọ na-akpọ PTT nnukwu eriri nke narị afọ nke 21, na aha ahia ya bụ "Corterra".

PTT, anụ ụlọ na PBT bụ nke ezinụlọ polyester, na ihe onwunwe ha yiri ya. PTT eriri nwere àgwà nke ma polyester na naịlọn. Ọ dị mfe ịsacha na nkụ dị ka polyester, nwere mgbake dị mma na mgbake crease, ma nwee ezigbo nguzogide mmetọ, ọkụ ọkụ na mmetụta aka. Ọ nwere arụmọrụ dị mma karịa polyester, enwere ike ịcha ya n'okpuru nrụgide nkịtị. N'okpuru otu ọnọdụ ahụ, ntinye nke agba na eriri PTT dị elu karịa nke anụ ụlọ, na ịcha akwa bụ otu na agba agba dị mma. N'iji ya tụnyere naịlọn, eriri PTT nwekwara ike na-eyi nkwụsi ike na mgbake mgbake, ma nwee njirimara nke nnukwu elasticity na ezigbo fluffy, ya mere ọ dị mma maka ịme kapeeti na ihe ndị ọzọ.

5. PBT eriri

PBT fiber bụ abbreviation nke polybutylene terephthalate eriri. A na-eme eriri PBT nke dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) ma ọ bụ terephthalic acid (TPA), ihe bụ isi nke polyester, na 1,4 - butanediol. A kwadebere eriri PBT site na agbaze agbaze nke DMT na 1,4 - butanediol na oke okpomọkụ na agụụ, na-eji organic titanium ma ọ bụ tin ogige na tetrabutyl titanate dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali. The polymerization, spinning, post-processing technology na akụrụngwa nke PBT fiber bụ isi ihe dị ka nke polyester.

PBT eriri nwere otu njirimara dị ka eriri polyester, dị ka ike dị mma, ịsacha dị mfe na ihicha ngwa ngwa, nha kwụsiri ike, njigide ọdịdị dị mma, wdg ihe kachasị mkpa bụ na akụkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke yinye macromolecular ya dị ogologo, ya mere ọ na-agbaji na na-agbatị, nwere ezigbo ngbanwe, na-enwe obere mgbanwe na ngbanwe mgbe ikpo ọkụ gasịrị, ma na-adị nro. Uru ọzọ nke eriri PBT bụ na agba ya dị mma karịa nke polyester. Enwere ike iji akwa agbasasị agbasa akwa agba PBT n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke esi esiji na nrụgide ikuku. Na mgbakwunye, eriri PBT nwere ezigbo mgbochi ịka nká, nguzogide kemịkalụ na nguzogide okpomọkụ. A na-eji eriri PBT eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na plastik injinia, shells ngwa ụlọ na akụkụ igwe.

6. eriri eriri

Pen fiber bụ mbiri nke polyethylene naphthalate fiber. Dị ka polyester, eriri pen bụ ihe polyester thermoplastic kristal, nke ụlọ ọrụ KASA nke United States webatara na mbụ. Usoro mmepụta ya bụ site na transesterification nke dimethyl 2,6 - naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) na ethylene glycol (eg), na mgbe ahụ, polycondensation; Ụzọ ọzọ bụ esterification kpọmkwem nke 2,6 - naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDCA) na ethylene glycol (eg), na mgbe ahụ, polycondensation. Enwere ike imeziwanye nkwụsi ike nke pen site n'ịgbakwunye obere ogige nwere amines organic na phosphorus organic.

Usoro ntụgharị nke eriri mkpịsị akwụkwọ yiri nke polyester. Usoro eruba bụ: mgbawa ihicha → ịgba ọsọ ọsọ → idepụta. Dị ka iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ nke eriri pen dị elu karịa nke polyester fiber, a ga-agbanwe usoro nhazi ya. Ekwesịrị ịnakwere usoro ntinye akwụkwọ ikike dị iche iche yana ọ ga-abawanye okpomoku nhazi ka ịzenarị emetụta ogo eriri n'ihi ọsọ ntụgharị molekụla dị nwayọ. E jiri ya tụnyere polyester a na-ahụkarị, eriri pen nwere ihe nrụpụta dị mma na nke thermal, dị ka ike dị elu, modul dị elu, nkwụsi ike dị mma na nnukwu siri ike; Ezigbo nguzogide okpomọkụ, nha kwụsiri ike, ọ dịghị mfe ịmegharị, ezigbo ọkụ ọkụ; Ezigbo nguzogide kemịkalụ na nguzogide hydrolysis; UV eguzogide na ịka nká.

7. Polyester filament wet na akọrọ

Site n'ịgbanwe ọdịdị nke akụkụ nke eriri ahụ, ọdịiche dị n'etiti otu eriri na-abawanye, ebe a kapịrị ọnụ na-abawanye, na mmetụta capillary na-eme ka ikuku mmiri dịkwuo mma, iji mee ka polyester filament dị mmiri na akọrọ. The eriri ákwà nwere magburu onwe iru mmiri conductivity na mmiri mgbasa arụmọrụ. A na-ejikọta ya na eriri owu na eriri ndị ọzọ nwere ezigbo mmịnye mmiri. Site na nhazi nhazi ezi uche dị na ya, mmetụta dị mma. Uwe ahụ akọrọ, dị jụụ ma dị mma. Ọ dabara adaba maka uwe egwuregwu kpara akpa, uwe elu kpara akpa, akwa uwe okpomọkụ, sọks polyester, wdg.

8. High dehumidification anọ ọwa polyester eriri

Du Pont ewepụtala TEFRA – ọwa polyester fiber nwere ikike wicking mara mma. Ọ bụ eriri dị elu nke na-eduzi eriri nke hydrophobic sịntetik, nke nwere ike ime ka ọsụsọ na-esi na akpụkpọ ahụ na-agba agba ruo n'elu ákwà maka ikpo ọkụ. Nsonaazụ gosiri na pasentị iwepụ mmiri nke eriri owu bụ 52% yana nke eriri polyester ọwa anọ bụ 95% ka nkeji iri atọ gachara. Ụdị eriri a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na uwe egwuregwu na uwe ime ndị agha dị fechaa, nke nwere ike ime ka akpụkpọ ahụ kpoo ma nwee ntụsara ahụ, ma nwee ezigbo nchekwa nchekwa na ọrụ mkpuchi oyi.

9. Polyester porous oghere ngalaba eriri "wellkey"

Ebumnuche mmepe Wellkey bụ iwere ọsụsọ mmiri dị ka ihe iji nweta mmịnye ọsụsọ zuru oke yana ihicha ngwa ngwa. Wellkey bụ eriri polyester oghere. Site n'elu eriri ahụ, enwere ọtụtụ pores na-abanye n'ime akụkụ oghere. Mmiri mmiri nwere ike banye n'ime oghere dị n'elu eriri. Nhazi eriri a na-achọ na oke mmịnye mmiri na ọdịnaya mmiri. N'ime usoro ntụgharị, a gwakọtara ihe na-emepụta pore pụrụ iche wee gbazee ka ọ bụrụ nhazi eriri. A na-eji eriri ahụ dị ka akwa petticoats, tights, uwe egwuregwu, uwe elu, uwe ọzụzụ, uwe na uwe ndị ọzọ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, n'ihi uru ya nke ịṅụ mmiri na ihicha ngwa ngwa na ọnụ ala dị ala, ọ na-enwekwa atụmanya ngwa ngwa na ubi ndị na-adịghị eyi uwe na ahụike na ahụike.

10. Atọ akụkụ crimped oghere polyester eriri

Emere eriri crimp nke nwere akụkụ atọ nke mbụ site na iji polymer abụọ nwere ihe mbelata dị iche iche site na teknụzụ agba agba agba na usoro nju oyi. Mgbe eserese, ọ malitere eke crimp n'ihi ihe dị iche na shrinkage. Usoro nkwadebe ugbu a enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu, ya bụ, ọ na-anakwere teknụzụ pụrụ iche nke eccentric spinneret oghere imewe, jikọtara ya na asymmetric kpụrụ jụrụ oyi usoro na kwekọrọ na-esote ịbịaru na nhazi usoro, The eriri kwadebere nwere elu curl ogo, eke na-adịgide adịgide curl. na ezigbo njigide ọkụ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụdị ndị mepere emepe gụnyere oghere anọ, oghere asaa ma ọ bụ ọbụna oghere itoolu nwere eriri oghere nwere akụkụ atọ. A na-eji eriri oghere nwere akụkụ atọ crimped emeju na mpaghara eriri ọkụ.

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