【Tekinoloje yaukadaulo】 Masamba a chinanazi amatha kupangidwa kukhala masks omwe amatha kutaya.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwathu masks kumaso tsiku ndi tsiku kukusintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala gwero lalikulu la kuipitsa koyera pambuyo pa matumba a zinyalala.

Kafukufuku wa 2020 akuti masks amaso 129 biliyoni amadyedwa mwezi uliwonse, ambiri mwa iwo ndi masks otayidwa opangidwa kuchokera ku ma microfiber apulasitiki. Ndi mliri wa COVID-19, masks otayika alimbikitsidwa m'maiko ambiri kuti apewe matenda a COVID-19 chifukwa atha kuthandiza kupewa kufalikira kwa COVID-19 ndi matenda ena, ndikupangitsa kuti izi zisinthidwe nthawi zonse.

Komabe, munthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati imeneyi, palibe dziko lomwe lapanga malangizo "ovomerezeka" obwezeretsanso masks, zomwe zimapangitsa kutaya zinyalala za masks otayidwa ngati zinyalala zolimba, zomwe zimabweretsa vuto lalikulu pakuwongolera kuwononga pulasitiki padziko lonse lapansi.

Kupeza yankho lokhazikika pavuto lapadziko lonse loyipitsidwa ndi pulasitiki chifukwa cha masks otayidwa ndikofunikira.

Posachedwapa, ofufuza awiri a biotechnology ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Gazamada adati zinyalala zokhudzana ndi miliri zitha kutayidwa ndi masks omwe amatha kutaya opangidwa kuchokera kumasamba a chinanazi.

Masks otayika omwe amatha kutayika makamaka amapangidwa ndi ulusi wochokera ku masamba a chinanazi, ndipo chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wachilengedwe m'malo mwa ulusi wapulasitiki, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mafangasi kapena mabakiteriya amatha kuyambitsa kuwononga msanga pambuyo pomizidwa m'nthaka (yemwe akuyembekezeka kutenga masiku atatu).

Chithunzi | Njira yopangira ulusi wa chinanazi: kulima chinanazi (A), zipatso za chinanazi (B), ulusi wotengedwa ku masamba a chinanazi (C), ulusi wa masamba a chinanazi wopangidwa ku Indonesia (D) (Magwero: Hindawi).

Zikumveka kuti chinanazi ndi chofala kwambiri m'madera otentha, mfundo zoyenera zimasonyeza kuti kupanga chinanazi padziko lonse kunafika matani 27.82 miliyoni mu 2020. Masamba a chinanazi ali ndi ulusi umodzi wodziwika bwino kwambiri wa fiber (pafupi ndi 80%), ndipo pamenepo. Pali njira zambiri zochotsera ulusi kuchokera ku masamba a chinanazi, kupanga ulusi wa masamba a chinanazi kukhala njira yabwino yosinthira ulusi wa pulasitiki ndi ofufuza a biotechnology.

Chithunzi | Maiko omwe atsogola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pakupanga chinanazi mu 2020, pomwe Philippines, Costa Rica ndi Brazil ndi omwe amapanga chinanazi atatu padziko lonse lapansi (gwero: Statista).

Ulusi wa masamba a chinanazi ndi woyera, wonyezimira wonyezimira, uli ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri, umakhala wooneka bwino kuposa ulusi wina wa zomera (monga hemp, jute, fulakisi, ndi canna), ndipo suvuta kuipitsidwa. Ulusi wa masamba a chinanazi amakonzedwa mofanana ndi thonje, koma ndi okonda zachilengedwe kuposa thonje.

Thonje amalimidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso feteleza, ndipo amapangidwa ndi mankhwala owopsa, ena amakhalabe osatsukidwa. Masamba a chinanazi, kumbali ina, amakula popanda zowonjezera zowonjezera ndipo amatha kupangidwanso chaka ndi chaka komanso mosavuta.

Pakali pano, masamba ambiri a chinanazi amapangidwa chaka chilichonse, kupatulapo kagawo kakang'ono kamene kamapangidwa kukhala ulusi wa masamba a chinanazi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzopangira ndi kupanga mphamvu (monga kupanga chingwe, twine, zipangizo zophatikizika ndi zovala). Nthawi zambiri amatayidwa ngati zinyalala zaulimi, kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru masamba a chinanazi sikungochepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe, komanso kubweretsa phindu lina lazachuma.

Kodi masks otayidwa ndi biodegradable ndi ofunikira bwanji kwa anthu? Chigoba chodziwika bwino cha opaleshoni chimakhala ndi zigawo zitatu za polima. Chosanjikiza chakunja ndi zinthu zomwe sizimayamwa (monga poliyesitala), wosanjikiza wapakati ndi nsalu yopanda nsalu (monga polypropylene ndi polystyrene) yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosungunuka, ndipo mkati mwake ndi zinthu zoyamwa monga thonje. . Polypropylene, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga chigoba, ndizovuta kusweka kotero kuti zimatha kukhalabe m'malo azachilengedwe kwazaka zambiri, ndipo mwina zaka mazana ambiri, kukhala ma microplastics ndi nanoplastics.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwononga pulasitiki, masks otayidwa amatha kuwunjikana ndi kutulutsa mankhwala owopsa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, monga Bisphenol A (BPA), heavy metal, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pakati pawo, bisphenol A yadziwika kuti ili ndi carcinogenic effect.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti masks amatha kunyamulidwa kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumadzi opanda mchere komanso malo am'madzi kudzera pamadzi osefukira, kutuluka m'mitsinje, mafunde am'nyanja, mphepo, ndi nyama (kudzera m'miyendo kapena kumeza) ngati sizinasonkhanitsidwe bwino ndikuyendetsedwa bwino. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2020 la OceansAsia, "Masks akumaso pafupifupi 1.56 biliyoni alowa m'nyanja mu 2020, zomwe zidzapangitsa kuti matani 4,680 mpaka 6,240 aipitsidwe ndi pulasitiki ya Marine."

Chithunzi | Tsogolo lachilengedwe lomwe lingathe kuchitika komanso Zowopsa za masks opangira opaleshoni (Gwero: FESE)

Zinganenedwe kuti ndi kukula kwabwino kwa mliri, kuwonongeka kwa masks kudzangowonjezereka, ndipo kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe kudzakhala kokulirapo. Masks otayidwa opangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wa masamba a chinanazi, omwe amanyozeka mwachilengedwe komanso osatulutsa poizoni woyipa, amatha kukhala njira yothetsera kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki chifukwa cha masks.

Komabe, chifukwa cha hydrophilic ya chinanazi masamba ulusi, si wamphamvu ndi cholimba monga pulasitiki. Kafukufuku wambiri akufunika kuti athetse vutoli.