Polyester nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa maselo opangidwa ndi polycondensation ya dibasic acid ndi dibasic mowa, ndipo maulalo ake oyambira amalumikizidwa ndi ma ester bond.Pali mitundu yambiri ya ulusi wa polyester, monga polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fiber, polypropylene terephthalate (PPT) fiber, etc. imodzi, ndipo kulemera kwa maselo nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa pakati pa 18000 ndi 25000. Mapangidwe akuluakulu a maselo ndi awa:
1. Ulusi wa polyester (PET).
Kafukufuku wa polyester adayamba m'ma 1930.Linapangidwa ndi anthu aku Britain monga whinfield ndi Dickson.Mu 1949, idatukulidwa ku Britain ndipo mu 1953 ku United States.Zimapangidwa ndi mitundu ikuluikulu ya ulusi wopangira womwe udayamba mochedwa, koma udakula mwachangu.
The molecular kulemera kwa poliyesitala ndi 18000 ~ 25000, ndi digiri ya polymerization ndi 100 ~ 140. Macromolecules ndi symmetrical mankhwala dongosolo.Pamikhalidwe yoyenera, ma macromolecules ndi osavuta kupanga makhiristo ndipo kapangidwe ka fiber ndi kophatikizana.Ma polyester macromolecules ali ndi mphete za benzene, zomwe kwenikweni ndi ma macromolecules olimba.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amakhalanso ndi maunyolo a aliphatic hydrocarbon, omwe amachititsa kuti mamolekyu azitha kusintha.Palibe magulu ena a polar mu macromolecule kupatula magulu awiri a mowa omwe atha hydroxyl.Ndi kuchuluka kwa ester, hydrolysis ndi kuphulika kwamafuta kudzachitika pa kutentha kwakukulu.Polyester imasungunuka.Gawo lake ndi lozungulira, longitudinal longitudinal ndodo ya galasi, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi 1.38 ~ 1.40g/cm3.
Ku China, fiber yokhala ndi polyethylene terephthalate yoposa 85% imatchedwa polyester, yomwe imadziwika kuti "Dacron".Pali mayina ambiri a zinthu zakunja, monga ngati “Dacron” ku United States, “tetoron” ku Japan, “terlenka” ku United Kingdom, ndi “lavsan” ku dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union.
2. Ulusi wa cationic dyeable polyester (CDP).
Modified polyester (CDP) itha kupakidwa utoto ndi utoto wa cationic poyambitsa magulu a acidic omwe amatha kumanga utoto wa cationic mu unyolo wa ma molekyulu a PET.CDP idapangidwa koyamba ndi kampani ya American DuPont.Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, zotulutsa zake zidakhala 1/6 ya kuchuluka kwa PET fiber.Mitundu yake yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo dacron t64, dacron T65, etc. CDP sikuti imangokhala ndi ntchito yabwino yopaka utoto, komanso imatha kupakidwa utoto womwewo ndi ulusi wachilengedwe monga ubweya, womwe ndi wosavuta kufewetsa utoto wa nsalu zosakanikirana.Ngati ndi blended ndi interloved ndi poliyesitala wamba, akhoza kutulutsanso kusamba yemweyo zosiyanasiyana mtundu zotsatira, amene kwambiri amalemeretsa mtundu wa nsalu.Chifukwa chake, CDP yakhala mtundu womwe ukukula mwachangu wa polyester yosinthidwa.CDP imakonzedwa makamaka powonjezera wachitatu kapena wachinayi monoma, monga sodium dimethyl isophthalate sulfonate (SIPM), ku pet macromolecular unyolo ndi copolymerization ndi kumezanitsa copolymerization.Monga gulu loyipa la sulfonic acid likuwonjezeredwa ku unyolo wa ma cell a CDP, popaka utoto, ayoni achitsulo pagulu la sulfonic acid adzasinthana ndi ma cations mu utoto, kotero ma ion a utoto adzakhazikika pa unyolo wa CDP macromolecular.Mchere wopangidwa ndi utoto udzachotsedwa mosalekeza mu njira yamadzimadzi, ndipo zomwe zidzachitike zidzapitilira.Pomaliza, zopaka utoto zidzakwaniritsidwa.
Njira yopangira CDP ndi yofanana ndi ya pet, yomwe ingagawidwe mosalekeza komanso yapakatikati.Chifukwa cha magwero osiyanasiyana a zopangira, CDP ikhoza kugawidwa mu njira ya DMT ndi njira ya PTA.CDP imawononga mapangidwe oyambirira a fiber chifukwa cha kuwonjezera kwa magulu atsopano mu unyolo wa macromolecular, omwe amachepetsa kusungunuka, kutentha kwa magalasi ndi crystallinity ya fiber.M'dera la amorphous, danga la intermolecular limawonjezeka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mamolekyu a utoto alowe mu ulusi.Mphamvu za CDP ndizochepa kuposa za polyester wamba, koma anti pilling katundu wa nsalu amawongoleredwa, ndipo chogwiriracho chimakhala chofewa komanso chochulukira.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ubweya wapamwamba kwambiri ngati zinthu.Kupaka utoto wa CDP wamba kumafunikabe kutentha kwakukulu (120 ~ 140 ℃) komanso kupanikizika kwambiri kapena ngati mukuwonjezera chonyamulira, kuti mukhale ndi malo abwino odaya.Choncho, posankha utoto, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti utoto wosankhidwa uyenera kukhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha.
3. Kutentha kwa chipinda ndi mpweya wothamanga wa polyester (ECDP) fiber
The dyeable poliyesitala ECDP pa kutentha yachibadwa ndi kuthamanga akhoza kukonzekera ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono monoma wachinayi mu ndondomeko wamba Pet polymerization.Izi makamaka chifukwa polyethylene glycol flexible chain segment imalowetsedwa mu unyolo wa macromolecular pet, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cell a fiber azikhala otayirira komanso dera la amorphous kukhala lalikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utoto wa cationic ulowe mu ulusi ndi kuphatikiza. ndi magulu ambiri a sulfonic acid.Choncho, akhoza kudaya pansi kuthamanga yachibadwa kuwira zinthu.ECDP CHIKWANGWANI chimakhala chofewa m'manja komanso kuvala bwino kuposa CDP ndi PET CHIKWANGWANI.Komabe, chifukwa cha mphamvu yotsika ya gawo lachinayi la monomer polyethylene glycol, kukhazikika kwamafuta a ECDP fiber kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kutayika kwamphamvu kwa ECDP fiber kumapitilira 30% pa kutentha kwa ironing 180 ℃.Choncho, nsalu yopangidwa ndi ECDP CHIKWANGWANI iyenera kuperekedwa chisamaliro chapadera pambuyo pa chithandizo, kutsuka ndi kusita.
4. PTT CHIKWANGWANI
PTT CHIKWANGWANI ndi chidule cha polypropylene terephthalate CHIKWANGWANI.Anthu ena akunja amatcha PTT ulusi waukulu wazaka za 21st, ndipo dzina lake lamalonda ndi "Corterra".
PTT, pet ndi PBT ndi a polyester family, ndipo katundu wawo ndi ofanana.PTT fiber ili ndi mawonekedwe a poliyesitala ndi nayiloni.Ndiosavuta kutsuka ndikuwumitsa ngati poliyesitala, ili ndi kuchira bwino komanso kukana kwa crease, ndipo ili ndi kukana kuipitsidwa kwabwino, kukana kuwala komanso kumva kwa manja.Ili ndi ntchito yabwino yopaka utoto kuposa poliyesitala, ndipo imatha kupakidwa utoto mopanikizika wamba.Pansi pazikhalidwe zomwezo, kulowetsedwa kwa utoto ku PTT fiber ndikwapamwamba kuposa kwa pet, ndipo utoto ndi yunifolomu komanso kuthamanga kwamtundu ndikwabwino.Poyerekeza ndi nayiloni, PTT CHIKWANGWANI imakhalanso ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kuvala ndi kuchira kwamphamvu, ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a kutha msinkhu kwakukulu ndi fluffy yabwino, kotero ndiyoyenera kupanga makapeti ndi zipangizo zina.
5. PBT CHIKWANGWANI
PBT CHIKWANGWANI ndi chidule cha polybutylene terephthalate CHIKWANGWANI.PBT fiber imapangidwa ndi dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) kapena terephthalic acid (TPA), zopangira zazikulu za polyester, ndi 1,4 - butanediol.PBT ulusi anakonzedwa ndi kusungunula kupota kwa DMT ndi 1,4 - butanediol pa kutentha kwambiri ndi vacuum, pogwiritsa ntchito organic titaniyamu kapena tini mankhwala ndi tetrabutyl titanate monga chothandizira.Ukadaulo wa polymerization, kupota, kukonzanso pambuyo pakukonza ndi zida za PBT fiber ndizofanana ndi za polyester.
PBT fiber ili ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi ulusi wa polyester, monga mphamvu yabwino, kutsuka mosavuta ndi kuumitsa mwamsanga, kukula kokhazikika, kusunga mawonekedwe abwino, ndi zina zotero. imatambasula, imakhala ndi kusungunuka bwino, imakhala ndi kusintha pang'ono mu kusungunuka pambuyo potentha, ndipo imakhala yofewa.Ubwino wina wa PBT fiber ndikuti utoto wake ndi wabwino kuposa wa polyester.Nsalu ya PBT ikhoza kupakidwa utoto ndi utoto wobalalika pansi pa kutentha kwa utoto pamphamvu yamlengalenga.Kuphatikiza apo, PBT fiber imakhala ndi kukana kukalamba bwino, kukana mankhwala komanso kukana kutentha.CHIKWANGWANI cha PBT chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muuinjiniya mapulasitiki, zipolopolo zapanyumba ndi zida zamakina.
6. Cholembera CHIKWANGWANI
Cholembera CHIKWANGWANI ndi chidule cha polyethylene naphthalate CHIKWANGWANI.Monga poliyesitala, cholembera cholembera ndi semi crystalline thermoplastic polyester material, yomwe idayambitsidwa koyamba ndi kampani ya KASA yaku United States.Kapangidwe kake ndi kudzera mu transesterification ya dimethyl 2,6 - naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) ndi ethylene glycol (mwachitsanzo), ndiyeno polycondensation;Njira ina mwachindunji esterification wa 2,6 - naphthalene dicarboxylic asidi (NDCA) ndi ethylene glycol (mwachitsanzo), ndiyeno polycondensation.Kukhazikika kwamafuta a cholembera kumatha kupitilizidwa powonjezera pang'ono mankhwala okhala ndi ma organic amines ndi organic phosphorous.
Njira yopota ya cholembera cholembera ndi yofanana ndi ya polyester.Mayendedwe ake ndi: kuyanika kwa chip → kupota kothamanga kwambiri → kujambula.Popeza kutentha kwa galasi la cholembera ndipamwamba kuposa ulusi wa polyester, ndondomeko yolembera iyenera kusinthidwa moyenera.Ma multi pass drafting ayenera kutsatiridwa ndipo kutentha kwa kulemba kuyenera kuonjezedwa kuti zisakhudze mtundu wa fiber chifukwa cha liwiro laling'ono la ma cell.Poyerekeza ndi poliyesitala wamba, cholembera CHIKWANGWANI ali bwino mawotchi ndi matenthedwe katundu, monga mkulu mphamvu, mkulu modulus, wabwino kumakanika kukana ndi mkulu kuuma;Kukana kutentha kwabwino, kukula kokhazikika, kosavuta kupunduka, kuchedwa kwamoto kwabwino;Good mankhwala kukana ndi hydrolysis kukana;Kukana kwa UV komanso kukana kukalamba.
7. Filament yonyowa ndi yowuma ya polyester
Posintha mawonekedwe amtundu wa ulusi, kusiyana pakati pa ulusi umodzi kumawonjezeka, malo enieniwo akuwonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu ya capillary imapangitsa kuti chinyezi chiziyenda bwino, kuti chipangitse kunyowa ndi kuuma poliyesitala filament.Nsalu ya fiber imakhala ndi ma conductivity abwino kwambiri a chinyezi komanso ntchito yofalitsa chinyezi.Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ulusi wa thonje ndi ulusi wina womwe umayamwa bwino chinyezi.Ndi dongosolo loyenera la bungwe, zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino.Zovala ndizouma, zozizira komanso zomasuka.Ndizoyenera masewera oluka, malaya opangidwa, nsalu zachilimwe, masitonkeni a polyester, etc.
8. High dehumidification four channel polyester fiber
Du Pont wapanga TEFRA - tchanelo cha polyester fiber yokhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zomangira.Ndi chinyontho chochuluka chomwe chimapangidwa ndi hydrophobic synthetic fiber, chomwe chimatha kutulutsa thukuta kuchokera pakhungu lotukuta kwambiri mpaka pansalu kuti muzizire.Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa chinyontho chochotsa ulusi wa thonje kunali 52% ndipo ulusi wa polyester wanjira zinayi unali 95% pambuyo pa 30min.Ulusi wamtunduwu ndiwothandiza makamaka pazovala zamasewera ndi zovala zamkati zotentha zankhondo, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa khungu kukhala louma komanso lomasuka, komanso zimakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri choteteza kutentha komanso ntchito zotsimikizira kuzizira.
9. Polyester porous hollow gawo fiber "wellkey"
Cholinga cha chitukuko cha Wellkey ndikutenga thukuta lamadzimadzi ngati chinthu kuti muzitha kuyamwa thukuta ndi kuyanika mwachangu.Wellkey ndi fiber hollow polyester.Kuchokera pamwamba pa ulusi, pali ma pores ambiri omwe amalowa mu dzenjelo.Madzi amadzimadzi amatha kulowa mu dzenje kuchokera pa ulusi.Kapangidwe ka ulusi kameneka kamayang'ana pa kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amadzi ndi chinyezi.Pozungulira, chopangira chapadera chopanga pore chimaphatikizidwa ndikusungunuka kuti chipange mawonekedwe a ulusi.Ulusiwu umakhala ndi mayamwidwe abwino kwambiri a thukuta komanso kuyanika mwachangu, ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati nsalu za petticoats, zothina, zovala zamasewera, malaya, zovala zophunzitsira, malaya ndi zovala zina.Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha zabwino zake pakuyamwa madzi komanso kuyanika mwachangu komanso kutsika mtengo kowumitsa, ilinso ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito minda yosavala komanso zamankhwala ndi zaumoyo.
10. Atatu dimensional crimped dzenje poliyesitala ulusi
Ulusi wa crimp woyambilira wa magawo atatu adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma polima awiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ocheperako kudzera muukadaulo wozungulira wophatikizika komanso njira yozizirira.Atatha kujambula, adapanga crimp zachilengedwe chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa shrinkage.Kukonzekera kwapano kwapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndiko kuti, kumatengera luso lapadera laukadaulo la eccentric spinneret hole design, kuphatikiza ndi asymmetric kupanga kuzirala ndi njira yofananira yojambula ndi mawonekedwe, Chingwe chokonzekera chimakhala ndi digirii yapamwamba, yachilengedwe komanso yokhazikika. ndi kusunga kutentha kwabwino.Pakalipano, mitundu yopangidwayo ili ndi mabowo anayi, mabowo asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi anayi amitundu itatu yopindika.Zingwe zitatu zowoneka ngati crimped hollow fiber zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podzaza ndi minda yamafuta otentha.
Kusonkhanitsa deta: utoto ndi kumaliza Encyclopedia
Kuchokera: maphunziro a nsalu ya akaunti yovomerezeka
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-21-2022