Yellow, yomwe imatchedwanso "chikasu", imatanthawuza chodabwitsa kuti pamwamba pa zinthu zoyera kapena zowala zimakhala zachikasu pansi pa zochitika zakunja monga kuwala, kutentha ndi mankhwala.Nsalu zoyera ndi zopaka utoto zikasanduka zachikasu, mawonekedwe awo amawonongeka ndipo moyo wawo wautumiki udzachepa kwambiri.Choncho, kafukufuku wa zomwe zimayambitsa chikasu cha nsalu ndi njira zopewera chikasu wakhala imodzi mwa nkhani zotentha kwambiri kunyumba ndi kunja.
Nsalu zoyera kapena zopepuka za nayiloni ndi ulusi wotanuka komanso nsalu zake zosakanikirana zimakhala zosavuta kukhala zachikasu.Kupaka utoto kumatha kuchitika popaka utoto ndi kumaliza, kumatha kuchitikanso posungira kapena kupachikidwa pawindo la shopu, kapena ngakhale kunyumba.Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingayambitse chikasu.Mwachitsanzo, ulusi womwewo umakhala wonyezimira (zokhudzana ndi zinthu), kapena mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansalu, monga otsalira a mafuta ndi zofewa (zokhudzana ndi mankhwala).
Nthawi zambiri, kusanthula kwina kumafunika kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa chikasu, momwe mungakhazikitsire momwe zinthu zimapangidwira, ndi mankhwala ati omwe amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingayambitse kuyanjana kwa chikasu, komanso kuyika ndi kusunga. za nsalu.
Timayang'ana kwambiri kutentha kwambiri kwachikasu ndi kusungirako chikasu kwa nayiloni, ulusi wa polyester ndi nsalu zosakanikirana ndi zotanuka, monga Lycra, dorlastan, spandex, etc.
Zomwe zimayambitsa chikasu cha nsalu
Kutentha kwa gasi:
——NOx flue gasi wamakina oyesa
--NOx flue gasi panthawi yosungirako
——Kuwonekera kwa ozoni
Kutentha:
——Kutentha kwakukulu
——Kutentha kwambiri kufa
--Kufewetsa komanso kutentha kwambiri
Kupaka & Kusunga:
——Phenol ndi amine zokhudzana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa (kuwala):
——Kuzimiririka kwa utoto ndi fulorosenti
--Kuwonongeka kwa ulusi
Tizilombo tating'ono:
——Kuonongeka ndi mabakiteriya ndi nkhungu
Zosiyanasiyana:
--Ubale pakati pa zofewa ndi fluorescein
Kusanthula kwamagwero amavuto ndi njira zothana nazo
Makina opangira
Pali mitundu ingapo yamakina oyika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga nsalu, kuphatikiza omwe amatenthedwa mwachindunji ndikuwotcha gasi ndi mafuta kapena kutenthedwa mwachindunji ndi mafuta otentha.Mwayi wopangidwira wa kutentha kwa moto udzatulutsa NOx yovulaza kwambiri, chifukwa mpweya wotentha umakhudzana mwachindunji ndi mpweya woyaka ndi mafuta;Pamene makina opangira kutentha ndi mafuta otentha samasakaniza mpweya woyaka ndi mpweya wotentha womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika nsalu.
Kuti tipewe NOx yochulukirapo yopangidwa ndi makina opangira kutentha kwachindunji panthawi yotentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri titha kugwiritsa ntchito spanscor yathu kuti tichotse.
Utsi ukutha ndi kusunga
Ulusi wina ndi zida zomangira, monga pulasitiki, thovu ndi mapepala obwezerezedwanso, amawonjezedwa ndi phenolic antioxidants panthawi yokonza zida zothandizira, monga BHT (butylated hydrogen toluene).Ma antioxidants awa amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi utsi wa NOx m'masitolo ndi malo osungiramo zinthu, ndipo utsi wa NOx uwu umachokera ku kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya (kuphatikiza kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, mwachitsanzo).
Titha: choyamba, kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonyamula zomwe zili ndi BHT;chachiwiri, pangani pH mtengo wa nsalu kukhala wotsika kuposa 6 (ulusi ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse asidi), zomwe zingapewe vutoli.Komanso, anti phenol yellowing chithandizo ikuchitika mu utoto ndi kumaliza ndondomeko kupewa vuto la chikasu phenol.
Kuchepa kwa ozoni
Kuzimiririka kwa ozoni kumachitika makamaka m'makampani opanga zovala, chifukwa zofewa zina zimapangitsa kuti nsalu ikhale yachikasu chifukwa cha ozoni.Zofewa zapadera za anti ozoni zimatha kuchepetsa vutoli.
Makamaka, zofewetsa za cationic amino aliphatic ndi zofewa za amine zosinthidwa za silikan (zochuluka nayitrogeni) zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zachikasu.Kusankhidwa kwa zofewa ndi zotsatira zomaliza zomwe zimafunikira ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala ndi kuyanika ndi kutsirizitsa kuti kuchepetsa kuchitika kwa chikasu.
kutentha kwakukulu
Nsaluyo ikafika pakutentha kwambiri, imasanduka yachikasu chifukwa cha okosijeni wa ulusi, ulusi ndi mafuta opota, komanso nsalu yodetsedwa pa ulusi.Mavuto ena achikasu amatha kuchitika mukakanikiza nsalu zopangidwa ndi ulusi, makamaka zovala zamkati za akazi (monga PA / El bras).Mankhwala ena a anti yellowing amathandiza kwambiri kuthana ndi mavuto ngati amenewa.
Zonyamula
Ubale pakati pa mpweya wokhala ndi nitrogen oxide ndi chikasu pakusungidwa kwatsimikiziridwa.Njira yachikhalidwe ndikusintha pH mtengo womaliza wa nsalu pakati pa 5.5 ndi 6.0, chifukwa chikasu pakusungirako chimangochitika pansi pazandale komanso zamchere.Kutentha kotereku kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kutsuka kwa asidi chifukwa chakuti chikasu chidzazimiririka pansi pa acidic.Anti phenol yellowing yamakampani monga Clariant ndi Tona amatha kuteteza bwino kusungidwa kwa chikasu cha phenol.
chikasu Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kuphatikiza phenol munali zinthu monga (BHT) ndi NOx kuchokera kuipitsa mpweya kutulutsa chikasu zinthu.BHT ikhoza kukhalapo m'matumba apulasitiki, makatoni a mapepala okonzedwanso, zomatira, ndi zina zotero. matumba apulasitiki opanda BHT angagwiritsidwe ntchito momwe angathere kuti achepetse mavuto amenewa.
kuwala kwa dzuwa
Nthawi zambiri, zowunikira zoyera za fulorosenti zimakhala ndi kutsika pang'ono kwa kuwala.Ngati nsalu zoyera za fulorosenti zimayang'aniridwa ndi dzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali, pang'onopang'ono zimasanduka zachikasu.Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fluorescent whitening agents ndi kuwala kwapamwamba kwa nsalu zokhala ndi zofunikira zapamwamba.Kuwala kwadzuwa, monga gwero la mphamvu, kumawononga ulusi;Galasi silingasefe kuwala konse kwa ultraviolet (mafunde opepuka okha pansi pa 320 nm angasefedwe).Nayiloni ndi ulusi womwe umakonda kukhala wachikasu, makamaka semi gloss kapena matte ulusi wokhala ndi pigment.Mtundu uwu wa photooxidation umayambitsa chikasu ndi kutaya mphamvu.Ngati CHIKWANGWANI chili ndi chinyezi chambiri, vuto limakhala lalikulu kwambiri.
tizilombo tating'onoting'ono
Nkhungu ndi mabakiteriya amathanso kuyambitsa chikasu cha nsalu, ngakhale kuipitsa kofiirira kapena kwakuda.Nkhungu ndi mabakiteriya amafunika zakudya kuti zikule, monga mankhwala otsalira (monga ma organic acid, ma leveling agents, ndi zowonjezera) pansalu.Chinyezi ndi kutentha kozungulira kumathandizira kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zifukwa zina
Zofewa za cationic zidzalumikizana ndi zowunikira za anionic fluorescent kuti muchepetse kuyera kwa nsalu.Mlingo wochepetsera umagwirizana ndi mtundu wa zofewa komanso mwayi wolumikizana ndi maatomu a nayitrogeni.Mphamvu ya pH ndiyofunikiranso kwambiri, koma mikhalidwe yolimba ya asidi iyenera kupewedwa.Ngati pH ya nsaluyo ndi yotsika kuposa pH 5.0, mtundu wa fluorescent whitening agent nawonso udzakhala wobiriwira.Ngati nsaluyo iyenera kukhala ndi acidic kuti isagwere chikasu cha phenol, chowunikira choyenera chiyenera kusankhidwa.
Phenol yellowing test (njira ya aidida)
Pali zifukwa zambiri za chikasu cha phenol, zomwe chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri ndi antioxidant yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula zinthu.Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala osokoneza bongo a phenolic (BHT) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antioxidant wazinthu zonyamula.Panthawi yosungira, BHT ndi nitrogen oxides mumlengalenga zimapanga chikasu cha 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-quinone methide, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zosungira chikasu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-31-2022