Pakalipano, pali mayiko oposa 70 padziko lapansi omwe amapanga thonje, omwe amagawidwa m'dera lalikulu pakati pa 40 ° kumpoto kwa latitude ndi 30 ° kum'mwera kwa latitude, kupanga madera anayi omwe ali ndi thonje. Kupanga thonje kuli ndi gawo lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi. Mankhwala apadera ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza amafunikira kuti zinthu ziziwayendera bwino. Ndiye, kodi mukudziwa mayiko omwe ali maiko ofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe amalima thonje?
1. China
Ndi kutulutsa kwa thonje kwapachaka kwa matani 6.841593 miliyoni a thonje, dziko la China ndilomwe limapanga thonje lalikulu kwambiri. Thonje ndi mbewu yayikulu yamalonda ku China. Zigawo 24 mwa 35 zaku China zimalima thonje, pomwe anthu pafupifupi 300 miliyoni amatenga nawo gawo polima, ndipo 30% ya malo onse omwe adafesedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala thonje. Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Yangtze River Basin (kuphatikiza zigawo za Jiangsu ndi Hubei) ndi Huang Huai Region (makamaka Hebei, Henan, Shandong ndi zigawo zina) ndi madera akuluakulu a thonje. Mwapadera mbande mulching, pulasitiki filimu mulching ndi kawiri nyengo kufesa thonje ndi tirigu ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolimbikitsira kupanga thonje, kupanga China sewerola waukulu padziko lonse.
2. India
India ndi dziko lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri pakupanga thonje, lomwe limatulutsa matani 532346700 a thonje chaka chilichonse, ndi zokolola za 504 kg mpaka 566 kg pa hekitala, zomwe zimapanga 27% ya thonje yomwe imatulutsa padziko lonse lapansi. Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat ndi Rajasthan ndi madera ofunikira omwe amalima thonje. India ili ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana zofesa ndi zokolola, zomwe zimafesedwa ukonde wopitilira 6%. Dothi lakuda lakuda la Deccan ndi Marwa Plateaus ndi Gujarat limathandizira kupanga thonje.
3. United States
Dziko la United States of America ndi dziko lachitatu pakupanga thonje komanso padziko lonse lapansi amene amagulitsa thonje. Amapanga thonje pogwiritsa ntchito makina amakono. Kukolola kumachitika ndi makina, ndipo nyengo yabwino m’madera amenewa imathandizira kuti thonje lipangidwe. Kupota ndi zitsulo kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumayambiriro, ndipo kenako kunatembenukira ku zamakono zamakono. Tsopano mukhoza kupanga thonje molingana ndi khalidwe ndi cholinga. Florida, Mississippi, California, Texas ndi Arizona ndi mayiko omwe amapanga thonje ku United States.
4. Pakistan
Pakistan imapanga matani 221693200 a thonje ku Pakistan chaka chilichonse, omwenso ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwachuma ku Pakistan. M'nyengo ya kharif, thonje limalimidwa ngati mbewu ya mafakitale pa 15% ya nthaka ya dziko lino, kuphatikizapo nyengo yamvula kuyambira May mpaka August. Punjab ndi Sindh ndi madera omwe amapanga thonje ku Pakistan. Pakistan imalima mitundu yonse ya thonje labwino kwambiri, makamaka thonje la Bt, lomwe lili ndi zokolola zambiri.
5. Brazil
Dziko la Brazil limapanga pafupifupi matani 163953700 a thonje chaka chilichonse. Kupanga thonje kwawonjezeka posachedwapa chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zachuma ndi zamakono, monga thandizo la boma lomwe likuyembekezeredwa, kutuluka kwa madera atsopano opangira thonje, ndi umisiri wolondola waulimi. Malo omwe amapanga kwambiri ndi Mato Grosso.
6. Uzbekistan
Kutulutsa kwa thonje pachaka ku Uzbekistan ndi 10537400 metric tons. Ndalama za dziko la Uzbekistan zimadalira kwambiri ulimi wa thonje, chifukwa thonje limatchedwa "Platinum" ku Uzbekistan. Makampani a thonje amayendetsedwa ndi boma ku Uzbekistan. Oposa miliyoni imodzi ogwira ntchito m'boma ndi ogwira ntchito m'mabizinesi aboma akukhudzidwa ndi ntchito yokolola thonje. Thonje amabzalidwa kuyambira Epulo mpaka koyambirira kwa Meyi ndipo amakololedwa mu Seputembala. Lamba wopangira thonje ali pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Aidar (pafupi ndi Bukhara) ndipo, mpaka ku Tashkent m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa SYR.
7. Australia
Ku Australia kutulutsa thonje pachaka ndi 976475 metric tons, ndi malo obzala pafupifupi mahekitala 495, zomwe zimawerengera 17% ya minda yonse yaku Australia. Malo opangirako ndi Queensland, wozunguliridwa ndi gwydir, namoi, Macquarie Valley ndi New South Wales kumwera kwa mtsinje wa McIntyre. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwaumisiri wa mbeu ku Australia kwathandiza kuonjezera zokolola pa hekitala. Kulima thonje ku Australia kwapereka malo otukuka kwachitukuko chakumidzi ndikukulitsa luso lopanga midzi 152 yakumidzi.
8. Turkey
Dziko la Turkey limapanga pafupifupi matani 853831 a thonje chaka chilichonse, ndipo boma la Turkey limalimbikitsa kupanga thonje ndi mabonasi. Njira zobzala bwino ndi ndondomeko zina zikuthandiza alimi kupeza zokolola zambiri. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa mbeu zotsimikizika pazaka zambiri zathandizanso kuchulukitsa zokolola. Madera atatu omwe amalima thonje ku Turkey ndi dera la Aegean Sea, Ç ukurova ndi Southeast Anatolia. Thonje laling'ono limapangidwanso kuzungulira Antalya.
9. Argentina
Dziko la Argentina lili pa nambala 19, ndikupanga thonje lapachaka la matani 21437100 kumalire a kumpoto chakum'mawa, makamaka m'chigawo cha Chaco. Kubzala thonje kunayamba mu Okutobala ndikupitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa Disembala. Nthawi yokolola imayambira pakati pa February mpaka pakati pa July.
10. Turkmenistan
Kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa Turkmenistan ndi 19935800 metric tons. Thonje amalimidwa pa theka la nthaka yothirira ku Turkmenistan ndipo amathiriridwa m'madzi a Mtsinje wa Amu Darya. Ahal, Mary, CH ä rjew ndi dashhowu ndi madera omwe amalima thonje ku Turkmenis.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-10-2022