1.Kumenyekanisha ibyiyumvo
(1) M.amu buryo
Kwitegereza amaso:koresha ingaruka ziboneka zamaso kugirango urebe urumuri, irangi, ububobere bwubuso, hamwe nibiranga ishyirahamwe, ingano na fibre.
Gukoraho intoki:koresha ingaruka zuburyo bwikiganza kugirango wumve ubukana, ubworoherane, ubukana, ubwiza, ubworoherane, ubushyuhe, nibindi byimyenda. Imbaraga nubworoherane bwa fibre nudodo mumyenda birashobora kandi kuboneka mukuboko.
Kumva no kunuka:kumva no kunuka bifasha kumenya ibikoresho fatizo by'imyenda imwe. Kurugero, silk ifite amajwi adasanzwe ya silk; Ijwi rishishimura imyenda itandukanye ya fibre iratandukanye; Impumuro yimyenda ya acrylic nubwoya iratandukanye.
(2) Intambwe enye
Intambwe yambereni ugutandukanya mbere ibyiciro byingenzi bya fibre cyangwa imyenda.
Intambwe ya kabirini ugucira urubanza ubwoko bwibikoresho fatizo ukurikije ibyiyumvo biranga fibre mumyenda.
Intambwe ya gatatuni ugucira urubanza rwa nyuma ukurikije ibyumviro biranga umwenda.
Intambwe ya kaneni Kugenzura ibisubizo by'urubanza. Niba urubanza rutazwi, ubundi buryo burashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma. Niba urubanza rutari rwo, kumenyekanisha amarangamutima birashobora kongera gukorwa cyangwa bigahuzwa nubundi buryo.
2.Uburyo bwo gutwika
Ibiranga gutwika biranga fibre isanzwe
Fibre Ipamba, gutwika mugihe habaye umuriro, gutwika vuba, gutanga umuriro wumuhondo numunuko; Hariho umwotsi wera wera wera, ushobora gukomeza gutwika nyuma yo kuva mumuriro. Nyuma yo kuzimya urumuri, haracyariho ibicanwa byaka, ariko igihe ntikiri kirekire; Nyuma yo gutwika, irashobora kugumana imiterere ya mahame, kandi byoroshye kumeneka ivu ryoroshye iyo rikoreshejwe nintoki. Ivu ni ibara ryoroshye kandi ryoroshye, kandi igice cyakongewe cya fibre kirabura.
Fiber Hemp fibre, yaka vuba, yoroshye, ntishonga, ntigabanuka, itanga urumuri rwumuhondo cyangwa ubururu, kandi ifite impumuro yibyatsi byaka; Kureka urumuri hanyuma ukomeze gutwika vuba; Hano hari ivu rito, muburyo bwumuhondo wijimye cyangwa ivu ryatsi ryatsi.
Ubwoya ntibuhita buhita iyo buhuye n'umuriro. Irabanza kugabanuka, hanyuma itumura, hanyuma fibre itangira kwaka; Umuriro ni umuhondo w'umuhondo, kandi umuvuduko wo gutwika uratinda ugereranije n'uwa fibre. Iyo uvuye mumuriro, urumuri ruzahita rwaka. Ntibyoroshye gukomeza gutwika, kandi hariho umunuko wo gutwika umusatsi n'amababa; Ivu ntirishobora kugumana imiterere yumwimerere, ariko ni amorphous cyangwa spherical shine yumukara wijimye wijimye, ushobora guhonyorwa ukanda intoki zawe. Ivu rifite umubare munini kandi impumuro yo gutwika.
K Silk, yaka gahoro, irashonga kandi iranyeganyega, kandi igabanuka mumupira iyo yaka, ifite impumuro yimisatsi yaka; Iyo uvuye mumuriro, bizaka gato, bitwike buhoro, kandi rimwe na rimwe bizimya; Icyatsi ni umupira wijimye wijimye, ushobora guhonyorwa ukanda intoki zawe.
Behavior Imyitwarire yo gutwika fibre ya viscose isa cyane niy'ipamba, ariko umuvuduko wo gutwika fibre ya viscose urihuta gato ugereranije na fibre, hamwe nivu rito. Rimwe na rimwe, ntibyoroshye kugumana imiterere yumwimerere, kandi fibre ya viscose izasohora ijwi ritoyi ryaka iyo ryaka.
Fibre Acetate fibre, hamwe n'umuvuduko wihuse, ibishashi, gushonga no gutwika icyarimwe, hamwe na vinegere acide ihumura iyo yaka; Gushonga no gutwika mugihe usize urumuri; Icyatsi ni umukara, kirabagirana kandi kidasanzwe, gishobora guhonyorwa n'intoki.
Fibre fibre y'umuringa, gutwika vuba, kudashonga, kutagabanuka, hamwe numunuko wimpapuro zaka; Kureka urumuri hanyuma ukomeze gutwika vuba; Ivu ryijimye cyangwa ryera.
⑧ Nylon, iyo yegereye urumuri, itera fibre kugabanuka. Nyuma yo guhura na flame, fibre ihita igabanuka kandi igashonga mubintu bisobanutse neza bya colloidal hamwe nudusimba duto.
Fibre Acrylic fibre, gushonga no gutwika icyarimwe, gutwika vuba; Ikirimi cyera, cyera kandi gikomeye, rimwe na rimwe umwotsi wirabura; Hariho impumuro nziza cyangwa impumuro nziza isa no gutwika amakara; Kureka urumuri ukomeze gutwika, ariko umuvuduko wo gutwika uratinda; Ivu ni umupira wumukara wumukara udasanzwe udasanzwe, byoroshye kugoreka nintoki zawe.
⑩ Vinylon, iyo yaka, fibre iragabanuka vuba, yaka buhoro, kandi urumuri ni ruto cyane, hafi itagira umwotsi; Iyo fibre nyinshi yashonga, urumuri runini rwijimye rwumuhondo ruzabyara hamwe nudusimba duto; Impumuro idasanzwe ya kariside ya kariside iyo yaka; Kureka urumuri ukomeze gutwika, rimwe na rimwe kuzimya; Ivu ni isaro rito ry'umukara ryirabura ridasanzwe ryoroshye, rishobora kugororwa n'intoki.
Fibre Fibre ya polypropilene, mugihe ihindagurika, mugihe ishonga, yaka buhoro; Hano hari ibirimi byaka byubururu, umwotsi wumukara, nibintu bya colloidal bitonyanga; Impumuro isa no gutwika paraffine; Kureka urumuri ukomeze gutwika, rimwe na rimwe kuzimya; Ivu ntirisanzwe kandi rirakomeye, rirasobanutse, kandi ntabwo byoroshye kugoreka intoki.
Fibre Fibre ya Chlorine, bigoye gutwika; Gushonga no gutwika mumuriro, usohora umwotsi wirabura; Iyo uvuye mumuriro, uzahita uzimya kandi ntushobora gukomeza gutwika; Hariho impumuro nziza ya chlorine idahumura iyo yaka; Ivu ni ibibyimba byijimye byijimye bidasanzwe, ntibyoroshye kugoreka n'intoki.
And Spandex, hafi yumuriro, ubanza kwaguka muruziga, hanyuma bigabanuka bigashonga; Gushonga no gutwika mumuriro, umuvuduko wo gutwika uratinda, kandi urumuri ni umuhondo cyangwa ubururu; Gushonga mugihe utwitse mugihe uvuye mumuriro, hanyuma ukazimya buhoro; Impumuro idasanzwe iyo yaka; Ivu ni igihagararo cyera.
3.Uburyo bwimbitse
Uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha uburyo bwa density gradient nuburyo bukurikira: icya mbere, tegura igisubizo cya density gradient uvanga neza ubwoko bubiri bwurumuri n’amazi aremereye hamwe nubucucike butandukanye bushobora kuvangwa hamwe. Mubisanzwe, xylene ikoreshwa nkamazi yoroheje naho tetrachloride ya karubone ikoreshwa nkamazi aremereye. Mugukwirakwiza, molekile yumucyo yoroheje hamwe na molekile iremereye ikwirakwiza hagati yimbere yamazi yombi, kugirango amazi avanze arashobora gukora igisubizo cyumuvuduko ukabije hamwe nimpinduka zikomeza kuva hejuru kugeza hasi mumiyoboro ya gradient. Koresha imipira isanzwe yubucucike kugirango uhindure indangagaciro kuri buri burebure. Hanyuma, fibre yimyenda igomba gupimwa igomba gutegurwa no gutesha agaciro, gukama, nibindi, hanyuma bigakorwa mumipira mito. Imipira mito igomba gushyirwa mubucucike bwa gradient nubundi, kandi agaciro k'ubucucike bwa fibre kagomba gupimwa no kugereranwa n'ubucucike busanzwe bwa fibre, kugirango hamenyekane ubwoko bwa fibre. Kuberako ubwinshi bwa gradient fluid izahinduka hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwamazi ya density gradient bugomba guhora mugihe cyibizamini.
4.Microscopi
Iyo twitegereje morfologiya ndende ya fibre yimyenda munsi ya microscope, dushobora gutandukanya ibyiciro byingenzi barimo; Izina ryihariye rya fibre rishobora kugenwa no kwitegereza ibice byambukiranya ibice bya fibre.
5.Uburyo bwo gusesa
Ku myenda yera, hagomba kongerwaho ingufu za reagent ya chimique yongewe kumuyoboro wipimisha urimo fibre yimyenda igomba kumenyekana mugihe cyo kumenyekana, hanyuma iseswa ryimyenda yimyenda (gushonga, gushonga igice, gushonga gato, kudashonga) bizubahirizwa kandi bitandukanijwe neza, kandi ubushyuhe bwashongeshejwe (gushonga mubushyuhe bwicyumba, gushonga no gushyushya, gushonga no guteka) bigomba kwandikwa neza.
Ku mwenda wavanze, birakenewe ko ugabanya umwenda mo fibre yimyenda, hanyuma ugashyira fibre yimyenda kumurongo wikirahure hejuru yubuso, ugafungura fibre, guta imiti ya chimique, hanyuma ukareba munsi ya microscope kugirango harebwe iseswa ryibintu bigize kandi menya ubwoko bwa fibre.
Kubera ko ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuti wa chimique bigira ingaruka zigaragara kumashanyarazi ya fibre yimyenda, ubwinshi nubushyuhe bwa reagent ya chimique bigomba kugenzurwa cyane mugihe hagaragajwe fibre yimyenda hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusesa.
6.Uburyo bwo gusiga amabara
Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ni uburyo bwo kumenya vuba ubwoko bwimyenda ya fibre ukurikije imiterere itandukanye yo gusiga irangi ryimyenda itandukanye yimiti igabanya imiti. Uburyo bwo gusiga amabara bukoreshwa gusa muburyo budasize irangi cyangwa imyenda yera idoda. Ibara ry'imyenda y'amabara cyangwa imyenda y'imyenda igomba kuba igenda itera imbere.
7.Uburyo bwo gushonga
Uburyo bwo gushonga bushingiye kubintu bitandukanye byo gushonga biranga fibre zitandukanye. Ingingo yo gushonga ipimwa na metero yo gushonga, kugirango tumenye ubwoko bwimyenda yimyenda. Fibre synthique nyinshi ntabwo ifite aho ishonga. Gushonga ingingo ya fibre imwe ya syntetique ntabwo ari agaciro gahamye, ariko ingingo yo gushonga iba yashizwe muburyo bugufi. Kubwibyo, ubwoko bwa fibre synthique irashobora kugenwa ukurikije aho ushonga. Ubu ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kumenya fibre synthique. Ubu buryo ntabwo bukoreshwa gusa, ahubwo bukoreshwa nkuburyo bufasha bwo kugenzura nyuma yo kumenyekana mbere. Irakoreshwa gusa mubitambaro byiza bya fibre sintetike itavuwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-17-2022