2021 ni umwaka w'amayobera n'umwaka utoroshye ku bukungu bw'isi.Muri uyu mwaka, twiboneye umuraba nyuma y’ibizamini nkibikoresho fatizo, imizigo yo mu nyanja, izamuka ry’ivunjisha, politiki ya karuboni ebyiri, no guhagarika amashanyarazi no kubuza.Kwinjira 2022, iterambere ryubukungu bwisi yose riracyafite ibintu byinshi bidahungabana.
Urebye imbere mu gihugu, icyorezo cy’icyorezo muri Beijing na Shanghai kirasubirwamo, kandi umusaruro n’imikorere y’ibigo biri mu bihe bibi;Ku rundi ruhande, isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ridahagije rishobora kongera umuvuduko w’ibicuruzwa.Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ikibazo cya virusi ya COVID-19 gikomeje guhinduka kandi igitutu cy’ubukungu ku isi cyiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara;Ibibazo bya politiki mpuzamahanga, intambara hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine, n’izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro fatizo byazanye byinshi bidashidikanywaho ku iterambere ry’ejo hazaza h’isi.
Bizaba bimeze bite ku isoko mpuzamahanga muri 2022?Ibigo byimbere mu gihugu bigomba kujya he muri 2022?
Imbere y’ibihe bigoye kandi bihinduka, igice cya Aziya, Uburayi na Amerika igice cy '“imyenda y’imyenda ku isi mu bikorwa” cya raporo z’igenamigambi kizibanda ku iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda mu bihugu no mu turere two ku isi, zitange byinshi bitandukanye. mu mahanga icyerekezo cy’urungano rw’imbere mu gihugu, no gukorana n’inganda gutsinda ingorane, gushaka ingamba zo guhangana, no guharanira kugera ku ntego yo kuzamura ubucuruzi.
Amateka, inganda zo muri Nigeriya zerekeza cyane cyane mu nganda za kera.Mu gihe cy’iterambere rya zahabu kuva 1980 kugeza 1990, Nijeriya yari izwi cyane muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba kubera inganda z’imyenda itera imbere, buri mwaka ikiyongera rya 67%, ikubiyemo inzira zose z’imyenda.Muri kiriya gihe, inganda zari zifite imashini z’imyenda zateye imbere cyane, zirenze kure ibindi bihugu byo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, kandi umubare w’imashini z’imyenda nazo zarenze umubare w’ibindi bihugu bya Afurika muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara.
Icyakora, kubera iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo bidindira muri Nijeriya, cyane cyane ibura ry’amashanyarazi, amafaranga menshi yo gutera inkunga hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro, inganda z’imyenda ubu zitanga akazi munsi y’igihugu 20000.Kugerageza guverinoma kugarura inganda binyuze muri politiki y’imari no gutabara amafaranga nabyo byatsinzwe nabi.Kugeza ubu, inganda z’imyenda muri Nijeriya ziracyafite ibibazo by’ubucuruzi bubi.
1.95% by'imyenda ituruka mu Bushinwa
Mu 2021, Nijeriya yatumije ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa bifite agaciro ka miliyari 22.64 z'amadolari y'Amerika, bingana na 16% by'ibicuruzwa byose byatumijwe ku mugabane wa Afurika bivuye mu Bushinwa.Muri byo, gutumiza mu mahanga imyenda byari miliyari 3.59 z'amadolari y'Amerika, hamwe n'ubwiyongere bwa 36.1%.Nijeriya kandi ni rimwe mu masoko atanu ya mbere yohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa ibyiciro umunani byo gucapa no gusiga amarangi.Mu 2021, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizaba birenga metero imwe, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku mwaka burenga 20%.Nijeriya ikomeza kuba igihugu kinini mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ndetse n’umufatanyabikorwa wa kabiri mu bucuruzi muri Afurika.
Nijeriya yashyize ingufu mu gukoresha amategeko agenga iterambere ry’Afurika (AGOA) ariko ntibyashoboka kubera igiciro cy’umusaruro.Hamwe na zeru ku isoko ry’Amerika ntishobora guhangana n’ibihugu byo muri Aziya bigomba kohereza muri Amerika ku musoro 10%.
Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’abatumiza imyenda muri Nijeriya, ibice birenga 95% by’imyenda ku isoko rya Nijeriya biva mu Bushinwa, naho igice gito ni icya Turukiya n'Ubuhinde.Nubwo ibicuruzwa bimwe bibujijwe na Nijeriya, kubera ibiciro by’umusaruro mwinshi mu gihugu, ntibishobora guhuza no guhaza isoko.Kubwibyo, abatumiza imyenda bakoresheje uburyo bwo gutumiza mubushinwa no kwinjira mumasoko ya Nigeriya binyuze muri Bénin.Mu gusubiza, Ibrahim igomu wahoze ari perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zikora imyenda muri Nijeriya (ntma), yavuze ko guhagarika imyenda n’imyenda bitumizwa mu mahanga bidasobanura ko igihugu kizahita gihagarika kugura imyenda cyangwa imyenda mu bindi bihugu.
Shigikira iterambere ryinganda zimyenda no kugabanya ibicuruzwa biva hanze
Dukurikije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara na Euromonitor mu 2019, isoko ry’imyambarire nyafurika rifite agaciro ka miliyari 31 z'amadolari ya Amerika, naho Nigeriya ikaba igera kuri miliyari 4.7 z'amadolari y'Amerika (15%).Bikekwa ko hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage b'igihugu, iyi mibare irashobora kunozwa.Nubwo urwego rw’imyenda rutakigira uruhare runini mu nyungu z’ivunjisha rya Nigeriya no guhanga imirimo, haracyari inganda zimwe na zimwe muri Nigeriya zitanga imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi igezweho.
Nijeriya kandi ni imwe mu masoko atanu ya mbere y’Ubushinwa yohereza ibicuruzwa mu byiciro umunani by’ibicuruzwa byo gusiga amarangi no gucapa, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birenga metero imwe na miliyari y’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka urenga 20%.Nijeriya ikomeje kuba Ubushinwa bunini bwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Afurika ndetse n’umufatanyabikorwa wa kabiri mu bucuruzi.
Mu myaka yashize, guverinoma ya Nijeriya yashyigikiye iterambere ry’inganda z’imyenda mu buryo butandukanye, nko gushyigikira ubuhinzi bw’ipamba no guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ipamba mu nganda z’imyenda.Banki Nkuru ya Nijeriya (CBN) yavuze ko kuva gahunda yatangira gahunda yo gutabara mu nganda, guverinoma yashoye miliyari zisaga 120 naira mu ipamba, imyenda n'imyenda.Biteganijwe ko igipimo cy’imikoreshereze y’uruganda rukora inganda kizanozwa kugira ngo cyuzuze kandi kirenze icyifuzo cy’inganda z’imyenda mu gihugu, bityo ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bigabanuke.Impamba, nkibikoresho fatizo byimyenda yacapwe muri Afrika, bingana na 40% yumusaruro wose, bizarushaho kugabanya igiciro cyumusaruro wimyenda.Byongeye kandi, amasosiyete amwe y’imyenda yo muri Nijeriya yitabiriye imishinga y’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye rya polyester staple fibre (PSF), ubudodo bwerekanwe mbere (POY) hamwe nudodo twa filament (PFY), byose bifitanye isano n’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli.Guverinoma yasezeranyije ko inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli mu gihugu zizatanga ibikoresho nkenerwa muri uru ruganda.
Kugeza ubu, ikibazo cy’inganda z’imyenda muri Nijeriya ntizishobora kunozwa vuba kubera amafaranga n’ingufu bidahagije.Ibi bivuze kandi ko kuvugurura inganda z’imyenda ya Nijeriya bisaba ubushake bwa politiki bwa guverinoma.Gutera gusa miliyari ya Naira mu kigega cyo kugarura imyenda ntibihagije kugirango ububyutse inganda zasenyutse mu gihugu.Abantu bo mu nganda zo muri Nijeriya barahamagarira guverinoma gushyiraho gahunda irambye y’iterambere kugira ngo iyobore inganda z’imyenda mu gihugu mu cyerekezo cyiza.
————– Inkomoko ya Articale: INYANDIKO YUBUSHINWA
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-09-2022