Polyester na polyester

Ubusanzwe polyester bivuga ibice byinshi bya molekuline byabonetse bitewe na polycondensation ya aside ya dibasike na alcool ya dibasic, kandi imiyoboro nyamukuru y'ibanze ihujwe na ester bond.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa fibre ya polyester, nka fibre polyethylene terephthalate (PET), fibre polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), fibre polypropylene terephthalate (PPT), nibindi muribyo, fibre ifite polyethylene terephthalate irenga 85% nibyo byingenzi. imwe, kandi uburemere bwa molekile muri rusange bugenzurwa hagati ya 18000 na 25000. Imiterere nyamukuru ya molekile niyi ikurikira:

1. Fibre ya polyester (PET)

Ubushakashatsi bwa polyester bwatangiye muri 1930.Yahimbwe nabongereza nka whinfield na Dickson.Mu 1949, ryakozwe mu nganda mu Bwongereza no mu 1953 muri Amerika.Nibicuruzwa byubwoko bunini bwa fibre synthique yateye imbere bitinze, ariko byateye imbere byihuse.

Uburemere bwa molekile ya polyester ni 18000 ~ 25000, naho urugero rwa polymerisation ni 100 ~ 140. Macromolecules ifite imiterere yimiti ihwanye.Mugihe gikwiye, macromolecules iroroshye gukora kristu kandi imiterere ya fibre iroroshye.Polyester macromolecules irimo impeta ya benzene, ahanini ni macromolecules ikomeye.Muri icyo gihe, zirimo kandi iminyururu ya hydrocarubone ya alifatique, bigatuma molekile ihinduka.Nta yandi matsinda ya polar muri macromolecule usibye inzoga ebyiri zarangije hydroxyl.Hamwe na ester nyinshi, hydrolysis hamwe nubushuhe bwumuriro bizabaho mubushyuhe bwinshi.Polyester irashonga.Igice cyacyo cyambukiranya uruziga, icyerekezo cyacyo kirekire ni inkoni y'ibirahure, n'ubucucike bwayo ni 1.38 ~ 1.40g / cm3.

Mu Bushinwa, fibre irimo polyethylene terephthalate irenga 85% byitwa polyester, bakunze kwita “Dacron”.Hariho amazina menshi y'ibicuruzwa by'amahanga, nka “Dacron” muri Amerika, “tetoron” mu Buyapani, “terlenka” mu Bwongereza, na “lavsan” mu cyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti.

2. Fibre ya cationic irangi polyester (CDP)

Polyester yahinduwe (CDP) irashobora gusigwa irangi ryamabara mugutangiza amatsinda acide ashobora guhuza amarangi ya cationic muminyururu ya PET.CDP yatunganijwe bwa mbere na sosiyete y'Abanyamerika DuPont.Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, umusaruro wacyo wagize 1/6 cy'umusaruro rusange wa PET fibre.Ubwoko bwabwo busanzwe burimo dacron t64, dacron T65, nibindi CDP ntabwo ifite imikorere myiza yo gusiga irangi gusa, ariko kandi irashobora gusiga irangi mubwogero bumwe hamwe na fibre karemano nkubwoya, bikaba byoroshye koroshya inzira yo gusiga imyenda ivanze.Niba ivanze kandi igahuzwa na polyester isanzwe, irashobora kandi kubyara ubwogero bumwe ingaruka zitandukanye zamabara, zikungahaza cyane ibara ryimyenda.Kubwibyo, CDP yahindutse iterambere ryihuse rya polyester yahinduwe.CDP itegurwa cyane cyane wongeyeho monomer ya gatatu cyangwa iya kane, nka sodium dimethyl isophthalate sulfonate (SIPM), kumurongo winyamanswa ya macromolecular ukoresheje copolymerisation hamwe na copolymerisation.Nka groupe ya acide sulfonike yongewemo nabi yongewe kumurongo wa molekile ya CDP, mugihe irangi, ion zicyuma mumatsinda ya acide sulfonique zizahana hamwe na cations ziri mwirangi, bityo ion irangi izashyirwa kumurongo wa CDP macromolecular.Imyunyu iterwa no gusiga irangi izakomeza gukurwaho mumuti wamazi, kandi reaction izakomeza.Hanyuma, ingaruka zo gusiga irangi zizagerwaho.

Igikorwa cyo gukora CDP gisa nicy'amatungo, ashobora kugabanywa muburyo bukomeza kandi burigihe.Bitewe n'amasoko atandukanye y'ibikoresho fatizo, CDP irashobora kugabanywamo inzira ya DMT n'inzira ya PTA.CDP isenya imiterere yumwimerere ya fibre bitewe no kongeramo amatsinda mashya mumurongo wa macromolecular, igabanya aho gushonga, ubushyuhe bwikirahure hamwe na kristu ya fibre.Mu karere ka amorphous, umwanya wa intermolecular wiyongera, ibyo bikaba bifasha gusiga molekile zinjira muri fibre.Imbaraga za CDP ziri munsi yubwa polyester isanzwe, ariko imitungo irwanya pillingi yimyenda iratera imbere, kandi ikiganza kiroroshye kandi gipompa.Irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ubwoya bwo murwego rwohejuru nkibicuruzwa.Irangi rya CDP risanzwe riracyakeneye ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (120 ~ 140 ℃) hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa muburyo bwo kongeramo ubwikorezi, kugirango habeho imitungo myiza yo gusiga irangi.Kubwibyo, muguhitamo amarangi, hagomba kumenyekana ko amarangi yatoranijwe agomba kugira ubushyuhe bwiza.

3. Ubushyuhe bwicyumba hamwe nigitutu cyikirere gishobora gusiga fibre polyester (ECDP)

Irangi rya polyester ECDP mubushuhe busanzwe hamwe nigitutu birashobora gutegurwa wongeyeho akantu gato ka monomer ya kane mugikorwa cyo gutunga amatungo asanzwe.Ibi biterwa cyane cyane nuko igice cya polyethylene glycol cyoroshye cyinjizwa mumurongo winyamanswa ya macromolecular, ituma imiterere ya molekile ya fibre irekura kandi akarere ka amorphous kakaba nini, bikaba bifasha cyane kwinjiza amarangi ya cationic muri fibre no guhuza hamwe nandi matsinda ya acide sulfonique.Kubwibyo, irashobora gusiga irangi mugihe cyumuvuduko usanzwe utetse.Fibre ya ECDP ifite intoki zoroshye kandi zambara neza kuruta CDP na PET.Nyamara, kubera ingufu nkeya zububiko bwa monomer polyethylene glycol ya kane, ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa fibre ya ECDP buragabanuka, kandi gutakaza imbaraga za fibre ya ECDP birenze 30% kubushyuhe bwa 180 ℃.Kubwibyo, imyenda ikozwe muri fibre ya ECDP igomba kwitabwaho cyane nyuma yubuvuzi, gukaraba no gushiramo ibyuma.

4. Fibre fibre

Fibre ya PTT ni impfunyapfunyo ya polypropilene terephthalate.Abantu bamwe mumahanga bita PTT fibre nini yo mu kinyejana cya 21, kandi izina ryayo ryubucuruzi ni "Corterra".

PTT, amatungo na PBT ni umuryango wa polyester, kandi imitungo yabo irasa.Fibre ya PTT ifite ibiranga polyester na nylon.Nibyoroshye gukaraba no gukama nka polyester, ifite kugarura neza kwa elastique no kurwanya crease, kandi ifite kurwanya umwanda mwiza, kurwanya urumuri no kumva amaboko.Ifite irangi ryiza kuruta polyester, kandi irashobora gusiga irangi kumuvuduko usanzwe.Mubihe bimwe, kwinjiza irangi kuri fibre ya PTT birenze ibyo gutungwa, kandi irangi ni rimwe kandi ibara ryihuta ni ryiza.Ugereranije na nylon, fibre ya PTT nayo ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kwihanganira kwambara no gukira kwinshi, kandi ifite ibiranga elastique nini na fluffy nziza, bityo rero irakwiriye gukora itapi nibindi bikoresho.

5. Fibre fibre

PBT fibre ni impfunyapfunyo ya polybutylene terephthalate.Fibre ya PBT ikozwe muri dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) cyangwa aside terephthalic (TPA), ibikoresho nyamukuru bya polyester, na 1,4 - butanediol.Fibre ya PBT yateguwe no gushonga kwa DMT na 1,4 - butanediol ku bushyuhe bwinshi na vacuum, hakoreshejwe titanium organic cyangwa amabati hamwe na tetrabutyl titanate nka catalizator.Polymerisation, kuzunguruka, tekinoroji yo gutunganya nyuma nibikoresho bya fibre ya PBT ahanini ni nkibya polyester.

Fibre ya PBT ifite ibiranga fibre polyester, nkimbaraga nziza, gukaraba byoroshye no gukama vuba, ingano ihamye, kugumana imiterere myiza, nibindi byingenzi cyane nuko igice cyoroshye cyurunigi rwa macromolecular ari kirekire, bityo kiravunika kandi kurambura, bifite elastique nziza, ifite impinduka nke muri elastique nyuma yo gushyuha, kandi ikumva yoroshye.Iyindi nyungu ya fibre ya PBT nuko irangi ryayo iruta irya polyester.Umwenda wa PBT urashobora gusiga irangi hamwe n'amabara atandukanye kugirango habeho irangi ritetse kumuvuduko wikirere.Byongeye kandi, fibre ya PBT ifite kurwanya neza gusaza, kurwanya imiti no kurwanya ubushyuhe.Fibre ya PBT ikoreshwa cyane muri plastiki yubuhanga, ibikoresho byo murugo n'ibikoresho byimashini.

6. Ikaramu

Ikaramu y'ikaramu ni impfunyapfunyo ya polyethylene naphthalate.Kimwe na polyester, fibre yikaramu nigice cya kristaline ya termoplastique polyester, yatangijwe bwa mbere nisosiyete ya KASA yo muri Amerika.Igikorwa cyacyo cyo kubyaza umusaruro binyuze muri transesterifike ya dimethyl 2,6 - naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) na Ethylene glycol (urugero), hanyuma polycondensation;Ubundi buryo ni esterifike ya 2,6 - acide naphthalene dicarboxylic (NDCA) na Ethylene glycol (urugero), hanyuma polycondensation.Ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwikaramu burashobora kunozwa wongeyeho umubare muto wibintu birimo amine kama na fosifore kama.

Inzira yo kuzunguruka ya fibre yamakaramu isa niyya polyester.Inzira igenda ni: gukama chip → kwihuta-kuzunguruka → gutegura.Nkuko ubushyuhe bwikirahure bwikaramu ya fibre irenze iyo fibre polyester, inzira yo gutegura igomba guhinduka.Inyandiko nyinshi zateguwe zigomba kwakirwa kandi ubushyuhe bwo gutegura bugomba kongerwa kugirango birinde kugira ingaruka nziza ya fibre kubera umuvuduko wa molekile yihuta.Ugereranije na polyester isanzwe, fibre yamakaramu ifite imiterere yubukanishi nubushyuhe, nkimbaraga nyinshi, modulus ndende, kurwanya tensile nziza no gukomera;Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza, ubunini butajegajega, ntabwo byoroshye guhindura, kutagira umuriro mwiza;Kurwanya imiti myiza no kurwanya hydrolysis;Kurwanya UV no kurwanya gusaza.

7. Filime itose kandi yumye

Muguhindura imiterere-karemano ya fibre, ikinyuranyo hagati ya fibre imwe cyiyongera, ubuso bwihariye bwiyongera, kandi capillary ingaruka zitezimbere cyane ububobere bwayo, kugirango bikore polyester itose kandi yumye.Imyenda ya fibre ifite uburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza neza.Ihujwe na fibre fibre hamwe nizindi fibre hamwe no gufata neza neza.Hamwe nimiterere yumuteguro ushyira mu gaciro, ingaruka ni nziza.Imyenda yumye, ikonje kandi nziza.Irakwiriye imyenda ya siporo, imyenda ishati, imyenda yimpeshyi, ububiko bwa polyester, nibindi.

8. Kwangiza cyane imiyoboro ine ya fibre polyester

Du Pont yateje imbere TEFRA - umuyoboro wa polyester fibre ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukinisha.Nubushuhe buke butwara fibre ikozwe muri hydrophobique synthique fibre, ishobora gukuramo ibyuya kuva kuruhu rwinshi cyane kugeza kumyenda kugirango bikonje.Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ijanisha ryo gukuraho ubushuhe bwa fibre fibre yari 52% naho irya fibre enye ya polyester fibre yari 95% nyuma ya 30min.Ubu bwoko bwa fibre bugira akamaro cyane cyane mumyambaro ya siporo nintambara ya gisirikare yoroheje yumuriro wimbere, ishobora gutuma uruhu rwuma kandi rworoshye, kandi rukagira uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga ubushyuhe nibikorwa bikonje.

9. Polyester porous hollow igice fibre “wellkey”

Intego yiterambere rya Wellkey nugufata ibyuya byamazi nkikintu kugirango ugere ibyuya byuzuye no gukama vuba.Wellkey ni fibre ya polyester.Uhereye hejuru ya fibre, hari imyenge myinshi yinjira mubice bitagaragara.Amazi y'amazi arashobora kwinjira mubice bitagaragara hejuru ya fibre.Iyi fibre fibre igamije igipimo ntarengwa cyo kwinjiza amazi hamwe nubushuhe.Muburyo bwo kuzunguruka, umwihariko udasanzwe wo gukora pore wavanze hanyuma ushonga kugirango ube fibre fibre.Fibre ifite ibyuya byiza byo kwinjiza ibyuya no kuranga vuba, kandi ikoreshwa cyane nkigitambaro cya petitiki, amabara, imyenda ya siporo, amashati, imyenda yo gutoza, amakoti nindi myenda.Byongeye kandi, kubera ibyiza byayo byo kwinjiza amazi no gukama vuba hamwe nigiciro gito cyo kumisha, ifite kandi amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mumirima itambaye, hamwe nubuvuzi nubuzima.

10. Ibice bitatu bipimye byuzuye fibre polyester

Fibre yo hambere yibipimo bitatu byakozwe hakoreshejwe polymers ebyiri zifite imiterere itandukanye yo kugabanuka hifashishijwe tekinoroji yo kuzunguruka hamwe nuburyo bwo gukonjesha.Nyuma yo gushushanya, yakoze ibimera bisanzwe kubera itandukaniro ryo kugabanuka.Gahunda yo kwitegura iriho yateye intambwe nini, ni ukuvuga, ikoresha tekinoroji idasanzwe yemewe yo gushushanya umwobo wa eccentric spinneret, ihujwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha asimmetrike hamwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya no gushushanya, Fibre yateguwe ifite impamyabumenyi ihanitse, isanzwe kandi ihoraho. no kugumana ubushyuhe bwiza.Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bwateye imbere burimo umwobo ine, umwobo urindwi cyangwa se icyenda umwobo ufite ibipimo bitatu-byuzuye bya fibre fibre.Ibice bitatu bingana na fibre fibre ikoreshwa cyane mukuzuza hamwe nubushuhe bwa fibre yumuriro.

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