1.Ukuchongwa ngokweemvakalelo
(1) Mangeendlela
Ukuqwalaselwa kwamehlo:sebenzisa isiphumo esibonakalayo samehlo ukujonga ukukhazimla, ukudaya, uburhabaxa bomphezulu, kunye neempawu zembonakalo yombutho, iinkozo kunye nefiber.
Ukubamba ngesandla:sebenzisa impembelelo ebambekayo yesandla ukuva ubunzima, ukuguda, ukurhabaxa, ukucoleka, ukuqina, ukufudumala, njl njl.Ukomelela kunye nokunwebeka kweentsinga kunye nemisonto kwilaphu nako kunokubonwa ngesandla.
Ukuva kunye nokujoja:ukuva kunye nokujoja kuyanceda ukugweba imathiriyeli ekrwada yamanye amalaphu.Ngokomzekelo, isilika inesandi esingaqhelekanga;Isandi sokukrazula kwamalaphu efayibha ahlukeneyo ahlukile;Iphunga le-acrylic kunye neendwangu zoboya zihlukile.
(2) Amanyathelo amane
Inyathelo lokuqalakukwahlula kwangaphambili iindidi eziphambili zeentsinga okanye amalaphu.
Inyathelo lesibinikukugweba ngakumbi iintlobo zemathiriyeli ekrwada ngokweempawu zeemvakalelo zemicu ekulaphuni.
Inyathelo lesithathukukwenza isigwebo sokugqibela ngokweempawu zovakalelo lwelaphu.
Inyathelo lesinekukuqinisekisa iziphumo zesigwebo.Ukuba isigwebo asiqinisekanga, ezinye iindlela zingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa.Ukuba isigwebo asilunganga, ukuchongwa kwenzwa kunokuphinda kuqhutywe okanye kudityaniswe nezinye iindlela.
2.Indlela yokuchonga yokutshisa
Iimpawu zokutsha zemicu ye-textile eqhelekileyo
① Ifayibha yomqhaphu, ukutsha xa kuthe kwatsha, ukutshisa ngokukhawuleza, ukuvelisa idangatye elityheli kunye nevumba;Kukho umsi omncinci ongwevu omhlophe, onokuqhubeka uvutha emva kokushiya umlilo.Emva kokucima idangatye, kusekho iintlantsi ezivuthayo, kodwa ixesha alikho lide;Emva kokutshisa, inokugcina imilo yevelvet, kwaye ngokulula iqhekeze ibe ngumlotha okhululekileyo xa iphathwa ngesandla.Uthuthu lungwevu kunye nomgubo othambileyo, kwaye indawo etshisiweyo yefiber imnyama.
② I-fiber ye-Hemp, evuthayo ngokukhawuleza, iyathamba, ayinyibiliki, ayinciphisi, ivelisa ilangatye elityheli okanye eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye inevumba lengca evuthayo;Shiya ilangatye kwaye uqhubeke nokutshisa ngokukhawuleza;Kukho uthuthu oluncinci, olukwimo yokukhanya okungwevu okanye okumhlophe komququ.
③ Uboya abutshi ngoko nangoko xa budibana nedangatye.Iqala iyancipha, ize itshaye, kwaye i-fiber iqala ukutshisa;Idangatye li-orenji tyheli, kwaye isantya sokutshisa sicotha kuneso sosinga womqhaphu.Xa ushiya ilangatye, idangatye liya kuyeka ukuvutha kwangoko.Akulula ukuqhubeka nokutshisa, kwaye kukho ukuvumba kweenwele ezivuthayo kunye neentsiba;Uthuthu alukwazi ukugcina imilo yefiber yokuqala, kodwa i-amorphous okanye i-spherical shiny black brown crisp amaqhekeza, anokuthi atyunyuzwe ngokucinezela ngeminwe yakho.Umlotha unenani elikhulu kunye nevumba lokutshisa.
④ Isilika, ukutshisa ngokukhawuleza, inyibilika kunye nee-curls, kwaye iyancipha ibe yibhola xa itshisa, kunye nephunga leenwele ezivuthayo;Xa ishiya ilangatye, liya kudanyaza kancinci, litshise kancinane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lizicime ngokwalo;I-Grey yibhola emnyama ebomvu, enokuthi ityunyuzwe ngokucinezela ngeminwe yakho.
⑤ Ukuziphatha okuvuthayo kwefayibha ye-viscose ngokusisiseko kufana nekotoni, kodwa isantya esivuthayo se-viscose fiber sikhawuleza kancinci kunomqhaphu we-cotton, kunye nothuthu oluncinci.Ngamanye amaxesha akulula ukugcina ukumila kwayo kwasekuqaleni, kwaye i-viscose fiber iya kukhupha isandi esincinci xa uvutha.
⑥ Ifayibha ye-acetate, enesantya esivuthayo esikhawulezayo, iintlantsi, ukunyibilika nokutshisa ngaxeshanye, kunye nevumba leviniga emuncu xa utshisa;Nyibilika kwaye utshise ngelixa ushiya ilangatye;Ingwevu imnyama, iyabengezela kwaye ayiqhelekanga, enokutyunyuzwa ngeminwe.
⑦ Ifiber ye-ammonia yobhedu, evuthayo ngokukhawuleza, enganyibilikiyo, enganciphisi, enevumba lephepha elivuthayo;Shiya ilangatye kwaye uqhubeke nokutshisa ngokukhawuleza;Uthuthu lungwevu okanye lungwevu olumhlophe.
⑧ Inayiloni, xa isondele kwilangatye, ibangela ukuba i-fiber iyancipha.Emva kokuqhagamshelana nomlilo, i-fiber iyancipha ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyancibilika ibe yinto ecacileyo ye-colloidal enamaqamza amancinci.
⑨ I-Acrylic fiber, ukunyibilika kunye nokutshisa ngexesha elifanayo, ukutshisa ngokukhawuleza;Idangatye limhlophe, liqaqambile kwaye linamandla, ngamanye amaxesha umsi omnyama kancinci;Kukho ivumba lentlanzi okanye ivumba elirhabaxa elifana netela yamalahle evuthayo;Shiya ilangatye kwaye uqhubeke uvutha, kodwa isantya esivuthayo sicotha;Umlotha ngumbala omnyama omdaka ongaqhelekanga, okulula ukuwujija ngeminwe yakho.
⑩ I-Vinylon, xa ivutha, i-fiber iyancipha ngokukhawuleza, ivutha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ilangatye lincinci kakhulu, liphantse lingabinamsi;Xa isixa esikhulu sefiber sinyibilika, idangatye elikhulu elimthubi elimnyama liya kuveliswa ngamaqamza amancinci;Iphunga elikhethekileyo legesi ye-calcium carbide xa utshisa;Shiya ilangatye kwaye uqhubeke uvutha, ngamanye amaxesha uzicime;Umlotha yintsimbi encinci emnyama emdaka engaqhelekanga, enokujijwa ngeminwe.
⑪ I-polypropylene fiber, ngelixa i-crimping, ngelixa inyibilika, ivutha ngokukhawuleza;Kukho amadangatye aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umsi omnyama, kunye ne-colloidal substances evuzayo;Ivumba elifana neleparafini evuthayo;Shiya ilangatye kwaye uqhubeke uvutha, ngamanye amaxesha uzicime;Umlotha awuqhelekanga kwaye unzima, obala, kwaye akulula ukuwujija ngeminwe.
⑫ I-Chlorine fiber, kunzima ukuyitshisa;Inyibilike kwaye itshise edangatyeni, ikhuphe umsi omnyama;Xa ushiya ilangatye, liya kucima ngokukhawuleza kwaye alikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuvutha;Kukho ivumba elibi leklorini elihlabayo xa litshisa;Umlotha yintlama enzima emdaka emnyama engaqhelekanga, ekungekho lula ukuyijija ngeminwe.
⑬ I-Spandex, kufuphi nedangatye, iqala ukwanda kwisangqa, emva koko inciphe kwaye inyibilike;Unyibilike kwaye utshise emlilweni, isantya esivuthayo sincinci, kwaye ilangatye liphuzi okanye liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;Nyibilika ngelixa uvutha xa ushiya ilangatye, kwaye ngokukhawuleza uzicime;Ivumba elibukhali elikhethekileyo xa utshisa;Umlotha yibhloko encamathelayo emhlophe.
3.Indlela yegradient yoxinaniso
Inkqubo yokuchonga yendlela yokuxinana kobunzima buhamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: okokuqala, lungiselela isisombululo segradient yoxinaniso ngokuxuba ngokufanelekileyo iindidi ezimbini zolwelo olulula nolunzima olunoxinaniso olwahlukeneyo olunokuxutywa omnye nomnye.Ngokubanzi, i-xylene isetyenziswa njengolwelo olulula kwaye i-carbon tetrachloride isetyenziswa njengolwelo olunzima.Ngokusasazwa, iimolekyuli zolwelo olulula kunye neealekyuli zolwelo olunzima zisasaza enye kwenye kujongano lwezilwelo ezimbini, ukuze ulwelo oluxubeneyo lukwazi ukwenza isisombululo semithamo yoxinzelelo kunye notshintsho oluqhubekayo ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kwityhubhu yemithamo yoxinzelelo.Sebenzisa iibhola zoxinaniso eziqhelekileyo ukulinganisa amaxabiso oxinaniso kumphakamo ngamnye.Emva koko, i-fiber ye-textile eza kuvavanywa iya kunyanzelwa ngokutshatyalaliswa, ukomiswa, njl., kwaye yenziwe kwiibhola ezincinci.Iibhola ezincinci ziya kufakwa kwityhubhu yegradient yoxinaniso ngokulandelelanayo, kwaye ixabiso loxinaniso lwefiber liya kulinganiswa kwaye lithelekiswe noxinano olusemgangathweni lwefiber, ukuze kuchongwe uhlobo losinga.Ngenxa yokuba ulwelo lwemithamo yoxinaniso luya kutshintsha ngokutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu, ubushushu bolwelo lwemithamo yoxinaniso kufuneka lugcinwe lungaguquki ngexesha lovavanyo.
4.Imicroscope
Ngokujonga i-longitudinal morphology ye-textile fibers phantsi kwe-microscope, sinokuhlula iindidi eziphambili eziphuma kuzo;Igama elithile lefiber linokumiselwa ngokuqwalasela i-morphology ye-cross-sectional ye-textile fiber.
5.Indlela yokuphelisa
Kwilaphu elilukiweyo elisulungekileyo, ugxininiso oluthile lweerejenti zeekhemikhali ziya kongezwa kwityhubhu yovavanyo equlethe imicu yelaphu eza kuchongwa ngexesha lokuchongwa, kwaye emva koko ukunyibilika kwemicu yelaphu (enyibilikisiweyo, inyibilikiswe ngokuyinxenye, inyibilike kancinane, enganyibilikiyo) iya kujongwa kwaye ukuhlukaniswa ngokucophelela, kunye neqondo lokushisa apho zichithwa khona (zichithwe kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa, elichithwe ngokufudumeza, elichithwe ngokubilisa) liya kubhalwa ngokucophelela.
Kwilaphu elidityanisiweyo, kuyafuneka ukwahlula ilaphu libe yimicu yelaphu, emva koko ubeke iintsinga zelaphu kwisilayidi seglasi kunye nomphezulu we-concave, utyhile imicu, uwise ii-reagents zeekhemikhali, kwaye ujonge phantsi kwe-microscope ukujonga ukunyibilika kwemicu yecandelo kunye misela uhlobo lwefiber.
Ngenxa yokuba ugxininiso kunye nobushushu be-solvent yeekhemikhali zinefuthe elicacileyo kwi-solubility ye-textile fiber, ukugxila kunye nobushushu be-reagent ye-chemical reagent kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo xa kuchongwa i-textile fiber ngendlela yokuchithwa.
6.Indlela yombala we-reagent
Indlela yokudaya i-reagent yindlela yokuchonga ngokukhawuleza iintlobo zefiber ye-textile ngokweempawu zokudaya ezahlukeneyo zemisonto ye-textile kwii-reagents ezithile zemichiza.Indlela yokufaka imibala ye-reagent isebenza kuphela kwimisonto engadaywanga okanye esulungekileyo esontiweyo kunye namalaphu.Imisonto yelaphu elilaphu elinemibala okanye ilaphu elilukiweyo kufuneka libe nokuhamba kombala.
7.Indlela yokunyibilika
Indlela yokunyibilika isekelwe kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika kweentsinga ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa.Indawo yokunyibilika ilinganiswa ngemitha yendawo yokunyibilika, ukuze kuchongwe iindidi zemicu yelaphu.Uninzi lweentsinga zokwenziwa azinandawo yokunyibilika kanye.Indawo yokunyibilika yefiber yokwenziwa okufanayo ayilona xabiso lisisigxina, kodwa indawo yokunyibilika igxininiswe ngokusisiseko kuluhlu oluncinci.Ke ngoko, uhlobo lwefiber yokwenziwa lunokumiselwa ngokwendawo yokunyibilika.Le yenye yeendlela zokuchonga imicu yokwenziwa.Le ndlela ayisetyenziswanga nje, kodwa isetyenziswa njengendlela encedisayo yokuqinisekisa emva kokuchongwa kwangaphambili.Isebenza kuphela kwiilaphu zefiber zokwenziwa ezicocekileyo ngaphandle konyango lokumelana nokunyibilika.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-17-2022