Ukusetyenziswa kwethu imihla ngemihla kweemaski zobuso ngokuthe ngcembe kuguqukela ekubeni ngumthombo omtsha wongcoliseko olumhlophe emva kweengxowa zenkunkuma.
Uphononongo lwango-2020 luqikelela ukuba iimaski zobuso ezibhiliyoni ezili-129 ziyatyiwa nyanga zonke, uninzi lwazo ziimaski ezilahlwayo ezenziwe ngeemicrofiber zeplastiki.Ngobhubhani we-COVID-19, iimaski ezilahlwayo ziye zakhuthazwa kumazwe amaninzi ukuthintela usulelo lwe-COVID-19 kuba zinokunceda ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-COVID-19 kunye nezinye izifo, zenza ukuba le datha ihlaziywe rhoqo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko enjalo yokusetyenziswa okuphezulu, akukho lizwe lenze "ezisemthethweni" izikhokelo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwiimaski, ezikhokelela ekulahlweni kwenkunkuma engaphezulu kwezi maski zilahliweyo njengenkunkuma eqinileyo, ebeka umngeni omkhulu kulawulo longcoliseko lweplastiki.
Ukufumana isisombululo esizinzileyo kwingxaki yongcoliseko lweplastiki ebangelwa ziimaski ezilahlwayo kubalulekile.
Kutshanje, abaphandi ababini be-biotechnology abavela kwiDyunivesithi yaseGazamada bacebise ukuba inkunkuma yemaski enxulumene nobhubhane inokulahlwa ngeemaski ezilahlwayo ezenziwe ngamagqabi ephayinaphu.
Iimaski ezilahlwayo ze-biodegradable ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngeentsinga ezisuka kumagqabi ephayinapile, kwaye ngenxa yokuba zisebenzisa iintsinga zendalo endaweni yemicu yeplastiki, iimicroorganisms ezifana nomngundo okanye iibhaktheriya zinokuqalisa inkqubo yokuthotywa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuntywiliselwa emhlabeni (ekulindeleke ukuba kuthathe iintsuku ezintathu).
Umfanekiso |Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-pineapple leaf fiber: ukulima ipayinapile (A), isiqhamo sepayinapile (B), ifayibha ekhutshwe kumagqabi ephayinapile (C), i-pineapple leaf fiber eveliswe e-Indonesia (D) (Umthombo: Hindawi).
Kuyaqondwa ukuba i-ananas ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezishushu, ulwazi olufanelekileyo lubonisa ukuba imveliso yephayinaphu yehlabathi ifikelele kwi-27.82 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2020. Zininzi iindlela zokukhupha ifayibha kumagqabi ephayinapile, ukwenza ipayinapile leaf fiber ithathwe njengenye indlela elungileyo kwifibre yeplastiki ngabaphandi bebiotechnology.
Umfanekiso |Amazwe aphambili eHlabathini kwimveliso yamapayina ngo-2020, phakathi kwawo iPhilippines, iCosta Rica kunye neBrazil zingabavelisi bamapayina makhulu amathathu ehlabathi (umthombo: Statista).
Iintsinga zepineapple leaf zimhlophe, zinefilamentous sheen, zomelele kakhulu, zinenkangeleko ecolekileyo kunezinye iintsinga zezityalo (ezifana nehemp, jute, flax, kunye necanna), kwaye kulula ukuzingcolisa.Iintsinga zepineapple zamagqabi zicwangciswe ngendlela efanayo nomqhaphu, kodwa zihambelana nendalo kunomqhaphu.
Umqhaphu ukhuliswa ngokwesithethe kunye nezibulali zinambuzane nezichumisi, kwaye wenziwa ngemichiza erhabaxa, eminye eshiyekileyo kwaye ayinakuhlanjwa.Amagqabi ephayinapile, kwelinye icala, akhuliswa ngaphandle kwezongezo kwaye anokuvuselelwa ngonyaka kwaye afumaneke lula.
Okwangoku, amagqabi amaninzi ephayinapile aveliswa minyaka le, ngaphandle nje kwenxalenye encinci eyenziwe kwi-pineapple leaf fiber kwaye isetyenziswe kwimathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla (njengokwenza intambo, intambo, izinto ezidibeneyo kunye neemveliso zempahla).Ngokuqhelekileyo ilahlwa njengenkunkuma yezolimo, ukusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kwala magqabi e-ananas akuyi kunciphisa kuphela ukungcoliseka kwendalo, kodwa kuzisa izibonelelo ezithile zoqoqosho.
Zibaluleke kangakanani iimaski ezilahlwayo ezinokulahlwa ebantwini?Imaski eqhelekileyo yotyando olulahlwayo inemigangatho emithathu yepolymer.Owona maleko ungaphandle yimathiriyeli engafunxisiyo (efana nepolyester), umaleko ophakathi lilaphu elingalukwanga (elifana nepolypropylene kunye nepolystyrene) elenziwe kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokunyibilika, kwaye umaleko wangaphakathi zizinto ezifunxayo ezifana nomqhaphu. .I-Polypropylene, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswa kwimveliso yemaski, kunzima kakhulu ukuyidiliza kangangokuba inokuhlala kwindawo yendalo amashumi eminyaka, kwaye mhlawumbi amakhulu eminyaka, ukuba ijike ibe yi-microplastics kunye ne-nanoplastics.
Ukongezelela ekubangeleni ungcoliseko lweplastiki, iimaski ezilahliweyo zisenokuqokelela zize zikhuphe imichiza eyingozi nezinto zebhayoloji, njengeBisphenol A (BPA), isinyithi esinzima, kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo.Phakathi kwabo, i-bisphenol A ibonakaliswe ukuba inefuthe le-carcinogenic.
Ukongeza, olunye uphononongo lubonise ukuba iimaski zinokuthuthwa ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kumanzi amatsha kunye nemekobume yaseLwandle ngokubaleka komhlaba, ukukhutshwa komlambo, imisinga yolwandle, umoya, kunye nezilwanyana (ngokubhijela okanye ukuginya) ukuba aziqokelelwanga kakuhle kwaye zilawulwe.Ngokwengxelo ka-2020 ka-OceansAsia, "Kuqikelelwa ukuba iimaski zobuso eziqikelelwa kwi-1.56 yebhiliyoni ziya kungena elwandle ngo-2020, oko kukhokelela kwi-4,680 ukuya kwi-6,240 yeetoni zongcoliseko lweplastiki yaseLwandle."
Umfanekiso |Ikamva elinokubakho kokusingqongileyo kunye neempembelelo zeemaski zotyando ezilahlwayo (Umthombo: FESE)
Kunokuthiwa ngophuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwesibetho, inkunkuma yeemaski iya kuqokelelana ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye ungcoliseko lwemekobume yendalo luya kuba lukhulu nangakumbi.Iimaski ezilahlwayo ezenziwe kwi-pineapple leaf fibers, ezithobisa ngokwemvelo kwaye zingakhuphi i-toxins enobungozi, ingaba sisisombululo kungcoliseko lweplastiki olubangelwa ziimaski.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yendalo ye-hydrophilic ye-pineapple leaf fiber, ayinamandla kwaye iqinile njengeplastiki.Uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukulungisa lo mngeni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-15-2022