I-polyester ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela kwikhompawundi ephezulu ye-molecular efunyenwe yi-polycondensation ye-dibasic acid kunye ne-alcohol ye-dibasic, kunye nekhonkco layo elisisiseko lidityaniswe ngamabhondi e-ester.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-polyester fibers, ezifana ne-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber, i-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fiber, i-polypropylene terephthalate (PPT) fiber, njl. abo, kwaye ubunzima bemolekyuli bulawulwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-18000 kunye ne-25000. Ulwakhiwo oluphambili lwemolekyuli lulandelayo:
1. I-polyester (PET) fiber
Uphando lwepolyester lwaqala ngo-1930.Yasungulwa ngabantu baseBhritane abanjengowhinfield kunye noDickson.Ngowe-1949, kwenziwa imizi-mveliso eBritani nangowe-1953 eUnited States.Yimveliso yeendidi ezinkulu zeentsinga zokwenziwa eziphuhliswe kade, kodwa zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Ubunzima bemolekyuli yepolyester yi-18000 ~ 25000, kunye nenqanaba lepolymerization li-100 ~ 140. Iimacromolecules zinesakhiwo sekhemikhali esilinganayo.Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ii-macromolecules zilula ukwenza iikristale kunye nesakhiwo sefiber compact.Iimacromolecules zePolyester zinezangqa zebenzene, ezizii-macromolecules eziqinileyo.Kwangaxeshanye, zikwaqulathe amatyathanga e-aliphatic hydrocarbon, okwenza iimolekyuli ziguquguquke.Awekho amanye amaqela e-polar kwi-macromolecule ngaphandle kwamaqela amabini e-alcohol apheliswe i-hydroxyl.Ngomxholo ophezulu we-ester, i-hydrolysis kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-thermal kuya kwenzeka kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.Ipolyester iyanyibilika.Icandelo layo lomnqamlezo lijikelezileyo, isalathiso sayo sobude yintsimbi yeglasi, kwaye ukuxinana kwayo yi-1.38 ~ 1.40g/cm3.
E-China, i-fiber enomxholo we-polyethylene terephthalate enkulu kune-85% ibizwa ngokuba yi-polyester, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Dacron".Maninzi amagama eemveliso zamanye amazwe, njengelithi “Dacron” eUnited States, elithi “tetoron” eJapan, elithi “terlenka” eUnited Kingdom, nelithi “lavsan” kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union.
2. I-Cationic dyeable polyester (CDP) fiber
I-polyester elungisiweyo (CDP) inokudaywa ngeedayi ze-cationic ngokuzisa amaqela ane-acidic angakwazi ukubopha i-cationic dyes kwi-PET molecular chain.I-CDP yaphuhliswa okokuqala yinkampani yase-American DuPont.Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, imveliso yayo yabalelwa kwi-1/6 yesiphumo esipheleleyo se-PET fiber.Iindidi zayo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-dacron t64, i-dacron T65, njl njl. I-CDP ayinayo kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kokudaya, kodwa inokudaywa kwibhafu enye kunye nemicu yendalo efana noboya, obulungele ukwenza lula inkqubo yokudaya kweempahla ezixutywe.Ukuba idityaniswe kwaye idityaniswe nepolyester eqhelekileyo, inokuphinda ivelise ukuhlamba okufanayo umphumo wombala owahlukileyo, ophucula kakhulu umbala welaphu.Ke ngoko, i-CDP iye yaba luhlobo olukhula ngokukhawuleza lwepolyester elungisiweyo.I-CDP ilungiswa ikakhulu ngokudibanisa i-monomer yesithathu okanye yesine, njenge-sodium dimethyl isophthalate sulfonate (SIPM), kwi-pet macromolecular chain nge-copolymerization kunye ne-graft copolymerization.Njengoko iqela elichasayo le-sulfonic acid liyongezwa kwi-CDP ye-molecular chain, xa idayi, i-ion zetsimbi kwiqela le-sulfonic acid ziya kutshintshana kunye ne-cations kwidayi, ngoko i-ion yedayi iya kulungiswa kwi-CDP ye-macromolecular chain.Iityuwa eziveliswa ngokudaya ziya kususwa ngokuqhubekayo kwisisombululo samanzi, kwaye ukusabela kuya kuqhubeka.Ekugqibeleni, umphumo wokudaya uya kufezekiswa.
Inkqubo yemveliso ye-CDP iyafana naleyo yesilwanyana sasekhaya, esinokwahlulwa ngokuqhubekayo kunye nesiqabu.Ngenxa yemithombo eyahlukeneyo yemathiriyeli ekrwada, i-CDP inokohlulwa ibe yindlela ye-DMT kunye nendlela ye-PTA.I-CDP itshabalalisa isakhiwo sokuqala sefiber ngenxa yokongezwa kwamaqela amatsha kwikhonkco ye-macromolecular, eyanciphisa indawo yokuncibilika, ukushisa kweglasi kunye ne-crystallinity yefiber.Kwingingqi ye-amorphous, indawo ye-intermolecular iyanda, ekulungele ukudaya iimolekyuli ezingena kwifiber.Amandla e-CDP angaphantsi kunalawo e-polyester eqhelekileyo, kodwa ipropati ye-anti pilling yelaphu iyaphuculwa, kwaye umqheba uthambile kwaye ugcwele.Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza uboya obukumgangatho ophezulu njengeemveliso.Ukudaywa kwe-CDP eqhelekileyo kusafuna ubushushu obuphezulu (120 ~ 140 ℃) kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye phantsi kwemeko yokongeza umthwali, ukuze ube nepropathi engcono yokudaya.Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha iidayi, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iidayi ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zibe nokuzinza okungcono kwe-thermal.
3. Ubushushu begumbi kunye ne-atmospheric pressure dyeable polyester (ECDP) fiber
I-ECDP ye-polyester edayikayo kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo lunokulungiswa ngokudibanisa inani elincinci le-monomer yesine kwinkqubo ye-polymerization yezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo.Oku kungenxa yokuba i-polyethylene glycol flexible chain segment yaziswa kwi-pet macromolecular chain, eyenza i-molecular structure yefiber ikhululeke ngakumbi kwaye ummandla we-amorphous ube mkhulu, onceda kakhulu ekungeneni kwedayi ye-cationic kwifayibha kunye nokudibanisa. kunye namaqela amaninzi e-sulfoninic acid.Ke ngoko, inokudaywa phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lokubilisa iimeko zokudaya.Ifiber ye-ECDP inesandla esithambileyo esizivayo kunye nokunxiba ngcono kuneCDP kunye ne-PET fiber.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yebhondi ephantsi yamandla e-monomer yesine ye-polyethylene glycol segment, ukuzinza kwe-thermal ye-ECDP fiber kuncitshisiwe, kwaye ukulahlekelwa kwamandla e-ECDP fiber kungaphezulu kwe-30% kwiqondo lokushisa kwe-ironing ye-180 ℃.Ngoko ke, indwangu eyenziwe nge-ECDP fiber kufuneka ihlawulwe ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kwi-post-treatment, ukuhlamba kunye ne-ayina.
4. PTT ifayibha
I-PTT fiber sisishunqulelo se-polypropylene terephthalate fiber.Abanye abantu baphesheya babiza i-PTT i-fiber enkulu yekhulu lama-21, kwaye igama layo lokurhweba yi "Corterra".
I-PTT, isilwanyana sasekhaya kunye ne-PBT zezosapho lwe-polyester, kwaye iipropati zabo ziyafana.Ifiber ye-PTT ineempawu zepolyester kunye nenayiloni.Kulula ukuyihlamba kunye nokomisa njenge-polyester, inokubuyisela ukuguquguquka okulungileyo kunye nokumelana ne-crease, kwaye inokumelana nokungcoliseka okulungileyo, ukumelana nokukhanya kunye nokuvakala kwesandla.Inomsebenzi ongcono wokudaya kune-polyester, kwaye inokudaywa phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo.Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, ukungena kwedayi kwi-PTT ifayibha kuphezulu kunokwesilwanyana, kwaye ukudaya kufana kunye nombala okhawulezayo ulungile.Xa kuthelekiswa nenayiloni, i-PTT ifayibha ikwanazo nokunganyangeki kakuhle kunye nokuqina kokuqina, kwaye ineempawu ze-elasticity enkulu kunye ne-fluffy entle, ngoko ke ifaneleke ngakumbi ukwenza iikhaphethi kunye nezinye izinto.
5. Ifayibha ye-PBT
Ifayibha ye-PBT sisishunqulelo se-polybutylene terephthalate fiber.I-PBT fiber yenziwe nge-dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) okanye i-terephthalic acid (TPA), eyona nto iphambili ye-polyester, kunye ne-1,4 - butanediol.Iifayili ze-PBT zalungiswa nge-melt spinning ye-DMT kunye ne-1,4 - i-butanediol kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye ne-vacuum, isebenzisa i-titanium ye-organic okanye i-tin compounds kunye ne-tetrabutyl titanate njenge-catalysts.I-polymerization, i-spinning, i-post-processing technology kunye nezixhobo zefayibha ze-PBT ziyafana nezo ze-polyester.
Ifayibha ye-PBT ineempawu ezifanayo njengefayibha ye-polyester, njengamandla alungileyo, ukuhlamba ngokulula kunye nokumisa ngokukhawuleza, ubungakanani obuzinzile, ukugcinwa kwemilo elungileyo, njl. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba inxalenye eguquguqukayo yekhonkco yayo ye-macromolecular ide, ngoko iyaphula kwaye iyanwebeka, inokwaluka okulungileyo, inotshintsho oluncinci ku-elasticity emva kokufudumeza, kwaye ivakale ithambile.Enye inzuzo yefayibha ye-PBT kukuba ukudaya kwayo kungcono kune-polyester.Ilaphu le-PBT linokudaywa ngeedayi ezisasazwayo phantsi kwemeko yokubilisa idayi kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric.Ukongeza, ifayibha ye-PBT inokumelana nokuguga okuhle, ukumelana neekhemikhali kunye nokumelana nobushushu.Ifayibha ye-PBT isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiplastiki zobunjineli, amaqokobhe ezixhobo zendlu kunye namalungu omatshini.
6. Umsonto wepen
Ifayibha yosiba sisishunqulelo se-polyethylene naphthalate fiber.Njengepolyester, i-pen fiber yimathiriyeli ye-semicrystalline thermoplastic polyester, eyathi yaziswa ekuqaleni yinkampani ye-KASA yase-United States.Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-transesterification ye-dimethyl 2,6 - i-naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) kunye ne-ethylene glycol (umzekelo), kunye ne-polycondensation;Enye indlela i-esterification ngqo ye-2,6 - i-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDCA) kunye ne-ethylene glycol (umzekelo), kunye ne-polycondensation.Ukuzinza kwe-thermal yepeni kunokuphuculwa ngokudibanisa inani elincinci leekhompawundi eziqukethe i-organic amines kunye ne-organic phosphorus.
Inkqubo yokusonta i-pen fiber iyafana naleyo yepolyester.Inkqubo yokuhamba yile: ukomiswa kwetshiphu → ukujikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu → ukuyila.Njengoko ubushushu beglasi yokutshintsha kwefayibha yosiba luphezulu kunolo lwefiber yepolyester, inkqubo yokuyila kufuneka itshintshwe ngokufanelekileyo.Uyilo lweepasi ezininzi kufuneka zamkelwe kwaye ubushushu boyilo kufuneka bonyuswe ukunqanda ukuchaphazela umgangatho wefayibha ngenxa yesantya esicothayo sokuqhelaniswa nemolekyuli.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-polyester eqhelekileyo, i-pen fiber inezixhobo ezingcono zoomatshini kunye ne-thermal, njengamandla aphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu, ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kunye nokuqina okuphezulu;Ukumelana nobushushu obuhle, ubungakanani obuzinzile, akukho lula ukukhubaza, ukusilela okuhle komlilo;Ukumelana neekhemikhali ezilungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa i-hydrolysis;Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-UV kunye nokuchasana nokuguga.
7. Umcu wepolyester omanzi nowomileyo
Ngokutshintsha imilo ye-fiber ye-cross-section, i-gap phakathi kwe-fibers enye iyanda, indawo ethile yendawo yanda, kwaye umphumo we-capillary uphucula kakhulu ukuhanjiswa kwawo komswakama, ukwenzela ukuba wenze i-polyester filament emanzi kunye neyomileyo.Ilaphu lefayibha linokuqhuba kakuhle kokufuma kunye nokusebenza kokusasazwa komswakama.Idityaniswa nefayibha yomqhaphu kunye nezinye iintsinga ezinokufunxa okulungileyo kokufuma.Ngolwakhiwo olufanelekileyo lombutho, umphumo ungcono.Impahla yomile, ipholile kwaye ikhululekile.Ifanelekile kwiimpahla zemidlalo ezinithiweyo, iihempe ezilukiweyo, amalaphu eempahla zasehlotyeni, iikawusi zepolyester, njl.
8. High dehumidification ezine channel polyester fiber
I-Du Pont iphuhlise i-TEFRA - i-fiber ye-polyester yetshaneli enesakhono esigqwesileyo sokuqhawula.Yifiber ephezulu eqhuba ukufuma eyenziwe nge-hydrophobic synthetic fiber, enokuthi isuse ukubila ukusuka kulusu olubila kakhulu ukuya kumphezulu welaphu lokupholisa okuphumayo.Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba ipesenti yokususa ubumanzi befayibha yomqhaphu yayingama-52% kwaye leyo yefiber yepolyester yesine yayingama-95% emva kwe-30min.Olu hlobo lwefayibha lusebenza ngakumbi kwimpahla yezemidlalo kunye nempahla yangaphantsi ye-thermal ekhaphukhaphu yasemkhosini, enokugcina ulusu lomile kwaye lukhululekile, kwaye inokugcina ubushushu obugqwesileyo kunye nemisebenzi yobungqina obubandayo.
9. Ipolyester enemingxuma ehollow ifayibha yecandelo “wellkey”
Injongo yophuhliso lukaWellkey kukuthatha ukubila kolwelo njengento yokufezekisa ukufunxa ukubila okupheleleyo kunye nokoma okukhawulezayo.I-Wellkey yintsinga yepolyester engenanto.Ukusuka kumphezulu wefiber, kukho iipores ezininzi ezingena kwindawo engenanto.Amanzi alulwelo anokungena kwindawo engumngxuma ukusuka kumphezulu wefiber.Esi sakhiwo sefayibha sijolise kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokufunxa kwamanzi kunye nomxholo wokufuma.Kwinkqubo yokujikeleza, i-agent ekhethekileyo yokwenza i-pore yaxutywa kwaye yachithwa ukwenza i-fiber structure.Ifiber ineempawu ezintle zokubila kunye neempawu zokomisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengelaphu leengubo zangaphantsi, iithayithi, iimpahla zemidlalo, ihempe, iimpahla zoqeqesho, iidyasi kunye nezinye iimpahla.Ukongeza, ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo zokufunxa amanzi kunye nokoma okukhawulezayo kunye neendleko zokomisa eziphantsi, ikwanamathemba okusebenza ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezinganxitywanga kunye nezonyango kunye nezempilo.
10. Ifiber yepolyester ene-dimensional crimped ezintathu-ntathu
Ifiber yecrimp yokuqala ene-dimensional three-dimensional crimp yenziwa ngokusebenzisa iipolima ezimbini ezineepropathi zokushwabana ezahlukeneyo ngetekhnoloji edityanisiweyo yokusonta kunye nenkqubo ethile yokupholisa.Emva kokuzoba, yenza i-crimp yendalo ngenxa yokwahlukana kwe-shrinkage.Inkqubo yangoku yokulungiselela yenze inkqubela phambili enkulu, oko kukuthi, ithatha itekhnoloji ekhethekileyo ye-patented ye-eccentric spinneret yoyilo lomngxuma, idityaniswe nenkqubo yokupholisa eyi-asymmetric kunye nenkqubo ehambelanayo yokuzoba kunye nenkqubo yokubumba, Ifiber elungisiweyo ine-curl degree ephezulu, i-curl yendalo kunye nesigxina. kunye nokugcinwa kakuhle kobushushu.Okwangoku, iintlobo eziphuhlisiweyo ziquka imingxunya emine, imingxunya esixhenxe okanye imingxunya elithoba enemisonto emithathu enomngxunya.I-fiber ene-dimensional crimped hollow isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuzaliseni nakwimimandla yefiber eshushu.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-21-2022