I-Yellowing, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-yellowing", ibhekisela kwinto yokuba umphezulu wezinto ezimhlophe okanye ezikhanyayo zijika zibe tyheli phantsi kweemeko zangaphandle ezifana nokukhanya, ubushushu kunye neekhemikhali.Xa iingubo ezimhlophe kunye nedayiwe zijika ziphuzi, ukubonakala kwazo kuya konakaliswa kwaye ubomi babo benkonzo buya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.Ngoko ke, uphando malunga nezizathu ze-yellowing of textiles kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhusela i-yellowing ibe yenye yezihloko ezishushu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Amalaphu amhlophe okanye akhanyayo e-nylon kunye ne-elastic fiber kunye namalaphu awo adityanisiweyo athanda ukutyheli.Umthubi unokwenzeka kwinkqubo yokudaya kunye nokugqiba, kunokuthi kwenzeke kwindawo yokugcina okanye ukujinga kwifestile yevenkile, okanye nasekhaya.Zininzi izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba tyheli.Umzekelo, i-fiber ngokwayo ithanda ukuba phuzi (enxulumene nezinto), okanye iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwilaphu, njengentsalela yeoli kunye ne-ejenti yokuthambisa (enxulumene neekhemikhali).
Ngokuqhelekileyo, uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukwazi unobangela we-yellowing, indlela yokubeka iimeko zokucubungula, zeziphi iikhemikhali ezimele zisetyenziswe okanye zeziphi iikhemikhali ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe, kwaye zeziphi izinto eziza kubangela ukusebenzisana kwe-yellowing, kunye nokupakishwa kunye nokugcinwa. yelaphu.
Sigxile ikakhulu kubushushu obuphezulu betyheli kunye nokugcinwa komthubi kwenayiloni, ifayibha yepolyester kunye namalaphu adityanisiweyo e-elastic, anjengeLycra, i-dorlastan, i-spandex, njl.
Izinto ezibangela ukuba ilaphu libe tyheli
Ukuphela kwegesi:
——NOx flue gas yomatshini wokulinganisa
——NOx flue gas ngexesha lokugcina
——Ukubonakaliswa kweOzone
Ubushushu:
——Ukubeka ubushushu obuphezulu
——Ubushushu obuphezulu bokufa
——I-Softener kunye nonyango oluphezulu lobushushu
UkuPakisha&UGcino:
——Phenol kunye neamine ezinxulumene nokukhanya kwelanga okutyheli (ukukhanya):
——Ukuphela kwedayi kunye ne-fluorescein
——Ukuthotywa kwemicu
Izinto ezincinci:
——Yonakaliswa ziintsholongwane nokungunda
Iintlobo ngeentlobo:
——Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesithambiso kunye ne-fluorescein
Ucazululo lomthombo weengxaki kunye neMiqathango yokuNqanda
Umatshini wokuseta
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zoomatshini bokuseta abasetyenziswa kushishino lwamalaphu, kuquka abo bafudunyezwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutshiswa yirhasi kunye ne-oyile okanye bafudunyezwe ngokungangqalanga ngeoyile eshushu.Ithuba lokubumba lokutshisa ukushisa liya kuvelisa i-NOx eyingozi ngakumbi, kuba umoya ovuthayo udibanisa ngqo negesi yokutsha kunye neoli yeoli;Ngelixa umatshini wokumisa ushushu ngeoli eshushu awuxube igesi evuthayo kunye nomoya oshushu osetyenziselwa ukuseta ingubo.
Ukuze ugweme i-NOx egqithisileyo eveliswa ngumatshini wokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lokubeka ubushushu obuphezulu, sinokusebenzisa i-spanscor yethu ukuyisusa.
Umsi uyaphela kunye nokugcinwa
Ezinye iintsinga kunye nezinye izinto zokupakisha, ezifana neplastiki, ugwebu kunye nephepha elihlaziyiweyo, zongezwa kunye ne-phenolic antioxidants ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kwezi zinto zincedisayo, njenge-BHT (i-butylated hydrogen toluene).Ezi antioxidants ziya kusabela nge-NOx imfusa kwiivenkile kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla, kwaye le miphunga ye-NOx ivela kungcoliseko lomoya (kubandakanywa nokungcoliseka komoya okubangelwa yi-traffic, umzekelo).
Sinako: okokuqala, ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokupakisha eziqukethe i-BHT;okwesibini, yenza ixabiso le-pH lelaphu lingaphantsi kwe-6 (ifayibha ingasetyenziselwa ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-asidi), enokuyiphepha le ngxaki.Ukongezelela, unyango lwe-anti phenol yellowing luqhutyelwa kwinkqubo yokudaya kunye nokugqiba ukuphepha ingxaki ye-phenol yellowing.
I-ozone iyancipha
Ukuphela kwe-ozone kwenzeka ikakhulu kwishishini lempahla, kuba ezinye izinto ezithambisayo ziya kubangela ukuba ilaphu libe tyheli ngenxa ye-ozone.Izithambiso ezikhethekileyo ze-anti ozone zinokuyinciphisa le ngxaki.
Ngokukodwa, izithambisi ze-cationic amino aliphatic kunye nezinye izithambisi ze-amine ezilungisiweyo zesilikan (umthamo wenitrogen ephezulu) zinovelwano kakhulu kubushushu obuphezulu oxidation, nto leyo ibangela ukuba tyheli.Ukukhethwa kwee-softeners kunye neziphumo zokugqibela ezifunekayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokucophelela kunye neemeko zokumisa kunye nokugqiba ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kwe-yellowing.
ubushushu obuphezulu
Xa i-textile ibonakaliswe kubushushu obuphezulu, iya kuba tyheli ngenxa ye-oxidation yefiber, i-fiber kunye ne-lubricant ejikelezayo, kunye nelaphu elingcolileyo kwifayibha.Ezinye iingxaki ezimthubi zinokuthi zenzeke xa ucinezela amalaphu e-synthetic fiber, ngakumbi iimpahla zangaphantsi zabasetyhini (ezifana ne-PA / El bras).Ezinye iimveliso ze-anti yellowing ziluncedo kakhulu ukoyisa iingxaki ezinjalo.
Izinto zokupakisha
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwegesi equlethe i-nitrogen oxide kunye ne-yellowing ngexesha lokugcinwa kubonakalisiwe.Indlela yendabuko kukulungelelanisa ixabiso lokugqibela le-pH yelaphu phakathi kwe-5.5 kunye ne-6.0, kuba i-yellowing ngexesha lokugcinwa kwenzeka kuphela phantsi kokungathathi hlangothi kwiimeko ze-alkaline.I-yellowing enjalo inokuqinisekiswa ngokuhlamba i-asidi ngenxa yokuba i-yellowing iya kunyamalala phantsi kweemeko ze-acidic.I-anti phenol yellowing yeenkampani ezifana ne-Clariant kunye ne-Tona inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukwenzeka kokugcinwa kwe-phenol yellowing.
Oku kutyheli kubangelwa ikakhulu kukudibanisa i-phenol equlethe izinto ezifana ne-(BHT) kunye ne-NOx evela kungcoliseko lomoya ukuvelisa izinto ezimthubi.I-BHT inokubakho kwiingxowa zeplastiki, iibhokisi zephepha ezihlaziyiweyo, iglue, njl.
ukukhanya kwelanga
Ngokubanzi, iiarhente ezimhlophe ze-fluorescent zinokukhawuleza kokukhanya okuphantsi.Ukuba amalaphu amhlophe e-fluorescent abekwe elangeni ixesha elide, aya kuthi chu ajike abe tyheli.Kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ii-agent ezimhlophe ze-fluorescent ezinokukhanya okuphezulu kokukhanya kwiilaphu ezineemfuno eziphezulu.Ukukhanya kwelanga, njengomthombo wamandla, kuya kuthoba i-fiber;Iglasi ayikwazi ukuhluza yonke imitha ye-ultraviolet (kuphela kwamaza okukhanya angaphantsi kwe-320 nm anokuhluzwa).Inayiloni lusinga oluthanda kakhulu ukuba tyheli, ngakumbi i-semi gloss okanye i-matte fiber equlethe i-pigment.Olu hlobo lwe-photooxidation luya kubangela ukuphuzi kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla.Ukuba ifayibha inomthamo ophezulu wokufuma, ingxaki iya kuba mbi kakhulu.
microorganism
Umngundo kunye neebhaktheriya zisenokubangela ukuba ilaphu libe tyheli, nokuba nongcoliseko olumdaka okanye olumnyama.Umngundo kunye neebhaktheriya zidinga izondlo ukuze zikhule, ezifana neekhemikhali eziphilayo ezishiyekileyo (ezifana ne-organic acids, i-level agents, kunye ne-surfactants) kwilaphu.Imekobume efumileyo kunye nobushushu be-ambient iya kukhawulezisa ukukhula kwee-microorganisms.
Ezinye izizathu
I-Cationic softeners iya kusebenzisana nezikhanyisi ze-anionic fluorescent ukunciphisa ubumhlophe bempahla.Izinga lokunciphisa linxulumene nohlobo lwesithambiso kunye nethuba lokuqhagamshelana ne-athomu ye-nitrogen.Impembelelo yexabiso le-pH nayo ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa iimeko ze-asidi ezinamandla kufuneka zigwenywe.Ukuba i-pH yelaphu ingaphantsi kwe-pH 5.0, i-hue ye-fluorescent whitening agent iya kuba luhlaza.Ukuba ilaphu kufuneka libe phantsi kweemeko ezineasidi ukuthintela ukutyheli kwephenol, kufuneka kukhethwe isikhanyisi esikhanyayo esifanelekileyo.
Uvavanyo lwePhenol yellowing (indlela ye-aidida)
Kukho izizathu ezininzi ze-phenol yellowing, phakathi kwazo esona sizathu sibalulekileyo yi-antioxidant esetyenziswa kwizinto zokupakisha.Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-phenolic compounds ethintelweyo (BHT) isetyenziswa njenge-antioxidant yezinto zokupakisha.Ngexesha lokugcinwa, i-BHT kunye ne-nitrogen oxides emoyeni iya kwenza i-tyheli ye-2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-quinone methide, enye yezona zizathu ezinokwenzeka zokugcina ukuphuzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-31-2022