Okwangoku, kukho amazwe angaphezu kwama-70 avelisa umqhaphu ehlabathini, asasazwa kwindawo ebanzi phakathi kwe-40 ° yesibanzi somntla kunye ne-30 ° yesibanzi somzantsi, esenza iindawo ezine zomqhaphu ezixineneyo. Imveliso yomqhaphu inomlinganiselo omkhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Izitshabalalisi ezikhethekileyo kunye nezichumisi ziyafuneka ukuqinisekisa umgangatho weemveliso. Ke, ngaba uyazi ukuba ngawaphi amazwe awona mazwe abalulekileyo avelisa umqhaphu ehlabathini?
1. ETshayina
Ngemveliso yonyaka ye-6.841593 yezigidi zeetoni zomqhaphu, i-China ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu womqhaphu. Umqhaphu sisityalo esikhulu sorhwebo eTshayina. Amaphondo angama-24 kumaphondo angama-35 aseTshayina atyala umqhaphu, apho phantse abantu abazizigidi ezingama-300 bathatha inxaxheba kwimveliso yawo, kwaye i-30% yendawo yonke ehlwayelweyo isetyenziselwa ukutyala umqhaphu. I-Xinjiang Autonomous Region, i-Yangtze River Basin (kubandakanywa i-Jiangsu kunye namaphondo ase-Hubei) kunye ne-Huang Huai Region (ikakhulukazi e-Hebei, e-Henan, e-Shandong nakwamanye amaphondo) yizona ndawo ziphambili zemveliso yekotoni. Ukugqunywa kwezithole ezikhethekileyo, ukugqunywa kwefilimu yeplastiki kunye nexesha eliphindwe kabini lokuhlwayelwa komqhaphu kunye nengqolowa ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhuthaza imveliso yomqhaphu, nto leyo eyenza iTshayina ibe lolona mvelisi mkhulu ehlabathini.
2. EIndiya
I-Indiya lilizwe lesibini ngobukhulu umqhaphu ovelisa iitoni zomqhaphu ezingama-532346700 minyaka le, ngesivuno esingama-504 kg ukuya kuma-566 kg ngehektare nganye, nto leyo ethatha ama-27% emveliso yomqhaphu yehlabathi. IPunjab, iHaryana, iGujarat kunye neRajasthan ziindawo ezibalulekileyo zokulima umqhaphu. I-Indiya inamaxesha ahlukeneyo okuhlwayela kunye nokuvuna, kunye nommandla otyaliweyo ongaphezulu kwe-6%. Umhlaba omnyama omnyama we-Deccan kunye ne-Marwa plateaus kunye ne-Gujarat ilungele ukuveliswa kwekotoni.
3. EUnited States
I-United States of America yindawo yesithathu ekuveliseni umqhaphu omkhulu kunye nomthengisi omkhulu womqhaphu kwihlabathi. Ivelisa umqhaphu ngoomatshini bale mihla. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngoomatshini, yaye imozulu entle kwezi ndawo ifak’ isandla ekuvelisweni komqhaphu. I-spinning kunye ne-metallurgy yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwisigaba sokuqala, kwaye kamva yaguqukela kubuchwephesha banamhlanje. Ngoku unokuvelisa ikotoni ngokomgangatho kunye nenjongo. IFlorida, iMississippi, iCalifornia, iTexas kunye neArizona ngawona mazwe avelisa umqhaphu eUnited States.
4. Pakistan
IPakistan ivelisa i-221693200 yeetoni zomqhaphu ePakistan minyaka le, ekwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yophuhliso loqoqosho lwasePakistan. Ngexesha le-kharif, umqhaphu ulinywa njengesityalo semizi-mveliso kwi-15% yomhlaba welizwe, kubandakanywa nexesha leemonsoon ukusuka ngoMeyi ukuya ku-Agasti. IPunjab kunye neSindh zezona ndawo zivelisa umqhaphu ePakistan. IPakistan ikhulisa zonke iintlobo zomqhaphu ongcono, ngakumbi umqhaphu weBt, onesivuno esikhulu.
5. EBrazil
IBrazil ivelisa malunga ne-163953700 yeetoni zomqhaphu ngonyaka. Imveliso yomqhaphu isanda kwanda ngenxa yongenelelo olwahlukeneyo lwezoqoqosho kunye nobuchwepheshe, njengenkxaso karhulumente ekujoliswe kuyo, ukuvela kweendawo ezintsha zokuvelisa umqhaphu, kunye nobuchwepheshe bezolimo obuchanekileyo. Eyona ndawo iphezulu yemveliso yiMato Grosso.
6. Uzbekistan
Imveliso yonyaka yomqhaphu e-Uzbekistan yi-10537400 yeetoni zeemetric. Umvuzo welizwe lase-Uzbekistan uxhomekeke kakhulu kwimveliso yomqhaphu, kuba umqhaphu ubizwa ngokuba “yiPlatinam” e-Uzbekistan. Ishishini lomqhaphu lilawulwa ngurhulumente waseUzbekistan. Bangaphezu kwesigidi abasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye nabasebenzi bamashishini abucala ababandakanyekayo ekuvuneni komqhaphu. Umqhaphu ulinywa ukusuka kuEpreli ukuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kwaye uvunwe ngoSeptemba. Ibhanti yemveliso yomqhaphu ibekwe malunga ne-Aidar Lake (kufuphi neBukhara) kwaye, kwinqanaba elithile, iTashkent ecaleni komlambo we-SYR.
7. EOstreliya
Umqhaphu wonyaka wase-Australia yi-976475 yeetoni zomqhaphu, kunye nendawo yokutyala emalunga nama-495 eehektare, ithatha i-17% yomhlaba wonke wase-Australia weefama. Indawo yemveliso ikakhulu iQueensland, ingqongwe yigwydir, namoi, Macquarie Valley kunye neNew South Wales kumazantsi omlambo iMcIntyre. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Australia yeteknoloji yembewu ephucukileyo incede ukwandisa izivuno ngehektare nganye. Ukulinywa komqhaphu e-Australia kubonelele ngeendawo zophuhliso kuphuhliso lwasemaphandleni kunye nokuphucula umthamo wemveliso kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ezili-152.
8. eTurkey
ITurkey ivelisa malunga ne-853831 yeetoni zomqhaphu minyaka le, kwaye urhulumente waseTurkey ukhuthaza ukuveliswa komqhaphu ngeebhonasi. Ubuchule bokulima obungcono kunye neminye imigaqo-nkqubo inceda amafama ukuba afumane izivuno eziphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa okwandileyo kwembewu eqinisekisiweyo ekuhambeni kweminyaka nako kuncede ekwandiseni izivuno. Imimandla emithathu yokulima umqhaphu eTurkey iquka ummandla woLwandle lwe-Aegean, i-Ç ukurova kunye ne-Southeast Anatolia. Isixa esincinci somqhaphu siyaveliswa malunga ne-Antalya.
9. EArgentina
I-Argentina ibeka i-19th, kunye nemveliso yekotoni yonyaka ye-21437100 yeetoni ze-metric kumda osenyakatho-mpuma, ngokukodwa kwiphondo laseChaco. Ukutyalwa komqhaphu kuqale ngo-Okthobha kwaze kwaqhuba kwade kwasekupheleni kukaDisemba. Ixesha lokuvuna lisukela embindini kaFebruwari ukuya embindini kaJulayi.
10. Turkmenistan
Imveliso yonyaka yeTurkmenistan yi-19935800 yeetoni zeemetric. Umqhaphu ukhuliswa kwisiqingatha somhlaba onkcenkceshelwayo eTurkmenistan kwaye unkcenkceshelwa ngamanzi oMlambo i-Amu Darya. I-Ahal, iMary, iCH ä rjew kunye nedashhowu zezona ndawo zivelisa umqhaphu eTurkmenis.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-10-2022