U-2021 unyaka womlingo futhi unyaka oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emnothweni womhlaba.Kulo nyaka, sibe negagasi lokuvivinya okufana nempahla yokusetshenziswa, ukuthutha olwandle, izinga lokushintshisana elikhuphukayo, inqubomgomo yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili, nokunqanyulwa kwamandla kanye nokuvinjelwa.Njengoba singena ngo-2022, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho emhlabeni wonke kusabhekene nezici eziningi ezingazinzile.
Ngokombono wasekhaya, isimo esiwubhubhane eBeijing naseShanghai siyaphindwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwamabhizinisi kusesimweni esingesihle;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo semakethe yasekhaya esinganele singase sikhulise ingcindezi yokungenisa.Emazweni ngamazwe, uhlobo lwegciwane le-COVID-19 luyaqhubeka nokushintshashintsha futhi ingcindezi yezomnotho yomhlaba ikhule kakhulu;Izindaba zezombangazwe zamazwe ngamazwe, impi phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine, kanye nokwenyuka okukhulu kwamanani ezinto ezibonakalayo kuye kwaletha ukungaqiniseki okwengeziwe ekuthuthukeni komhlaba kwesikhathi esizayo.
Sizoba yini isimo semakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ngo-2022?Amabhizinisi asekhaya kufanele aye kuphi ngo-2022?
Lapho sibhekene nesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesishintshayo, izahluko zase-Asia, eYurophu naseMelika zochungechunge lwemibiko yokuhlela “yendwangu esebenzayo” zizogxila ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yendwangu emazweni nasezifundeni emhlabeni jikelele, zihlinzeke ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. imibono yaphesheya kwezilwandle ontanga yendwangu yasekhaya, futhi basebenzisane namabhizinisi ukuze banqobe ubunzima, bathole izindlela zokuphikisa, futhi balwele ukufeza umgomo wokukhula kwezohwebo.
Ngokomlando, imboni yezindwangu yaseNigeria ibhekisa kakhulu embonini yakudala yamakotishi.Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwegolide kusukela ngo-1980 kuya ku-1990, iNigeria yayidume kulo lonke elaseNtshonalanga Afrika ngokudlondlobala kwemboni yendwangu, ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka lama-67%, elihlanganisa yonke inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwezindwangu.Ngaleso sikhathi, imboni yayinemishini yendwangu ethuthuke kakhulu, eyedlula kude amanye amazwe ase-sub Saharan Africa, futhi inani eliphelele lemishini yezindwangu nalo lalidlula inani lamanye amazwe ase-Afrika e-sub Saharan Africa.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusaleleka kwentuthuko yengqalasizinda eNigeria, ikakhulukazi ukushoda kwamandla kagesi, izindleko eziphezulu zezimali kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphelelwe yisikhathi, imboni yendwangu manje inikeza imisebenzi engaphansi kwezi-20000 ezweni.Imizamo eminingana kahulumeni yokubuyisela imboni ngenqubomgomo yezimali kanye nokungenelela kwezezimali nayo ibhuntshile ngokudabukisayo.Njengamanje, imboni yezindwangu eNigeria isabhekene nesimo sebhizinisi esibi.
1.I-95% yezindwangu ivela eChina
Ngo-2021, iNigeria yangenisa impahla evela e-China ebiza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-22.64, okubalelwa ku-16% wesamba sempahla ethengwa ezwenikazi lase-Afrika ivela e-China.Phakathi kwazo, ukungeniswa kwezindwangu kwamanye amazwe kwaba ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.59, nezinga lokukhula lika-36.1%.I-Nigeria futhi ingesinye sezimakethe ezinhlanu ezihamba phambili zokuthekelisa ezigabeni eziyisishiyagalombili zaseShayina zemikhiqizo yokunyathelisa nokudaya.Ngo-2021, umthamo wokuthekelisa uzoba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1, nezinga lokukhula konyaka nonyaka lingaphezu kwama-20%.I-Nigeria igcina isimo sayo njengezwe elikhulu kunawo wonke elithumela kwamanye amazwe futhi lingelesibili ngobukhulu elihwebelana nalo e-Afrika.
INigeria yenze imizamo yokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo uMthetho Wokukhula Nethuba Lase-Afrika (i-AGOA) kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga ngenxa yezindleko zokukhiqiza.Njengoba i-zero duty emakethe yaseMelika ayikwazi ukuncintisana namazwe ase-Asia okumele athumele e-US ngamaphesenti angu-10.
Ngokwezibalo zeNigerian Textile Importers Association, ngaphezu kwama-95% ezindwangu emakethe yaseNigeria zivela eChina, kanti ingxenye encane isuka eTurkey naseNdiya.Nakuba eminye imikhiqizo ivinjelwe yiNigeria, ngenxa yezindleko zayo zokukhiqiza zasekhaya eziphezulu, ayikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe.Ngakho-ke, abangenisi bendwangu bathathe umkhuba woku-oda kusuka eChina nokungena emakethe yaseNigeria ngeBenin.Ephendula, u-Ibrahim igomu, owayengumongameli weNigerian Textile Manufacturers Association (ntma), uthe ukuvinjelwa kwezindwangu nezingubo ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe akusho ukuthi izwe lizoyeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthenga izindwangu noma izingubo kwamanye amazwe.
Sekela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yendwangu kanye nokunciphisa ukotini ovela kwamanye amazwe
Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo ekhishwe yi-Euromonitor ngo-2019, imakethe yezemfashini yase-Afrika ibiza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-31, kanti iNigeria yenza cishe ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4.7 (15%).Kukholakala ukuthi ngokukhula kwesibalo sabantu bakuleli, lesi sibalo singathuthuka.Nakuba umkhakha wezindwangu ungasenawo umthelela obalulekile enzuzweni yokushintshisana ngemali yangaphandle yaseNigeria nokudala amathuba emisebenzi, asekhona amabhizinisi endwangu eNigeria akhiqiza izindwangu ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisemfashinini.
INigeria iphinde ibe ngenye yezimakethe ezinhlanu ezihamba phambili zaseShayina ezihweba ngezigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zemikhiqizo yokudaya nokuphrinta, enomthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla ongaphezu kwamamitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1 kanye nezinga lokukhula konyaka elingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-20.I-Nigeria isaqhubeka nokuba yizwe laseChina elithumela kwamanye amazwe e-Afrika kanye nokuba ngumlingani wesibili ngobukhulu kwezohwebo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni waseNigeria uye wasekela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yendwangu yakhe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokweseka ukutshalwa kukakotini kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kukakotini embonini yendwangu.I-Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) ithe kusukela ekuqaleni kohlelo lokungenelela embonini, uhulumeni usetshale imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-120 zama-naira ochungechungeni lwenani likakotini, izindwangu nezingubo.Kulindeleke ukuthi izinga lokusebenzisa amandla embonini yokugawula lithuthukiswe ukuze lihlangabezane futhi lidlule izidingo zemboni yendwangu yezwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuthengwa kukakotini kwamanye amazwe.Ukotini, njengempahla eluhlaza yezindwangu eziphrintiwe e-Afrika, i-akhawunti ye-40% yenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza, okuzoqhubeka nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza izindwangu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinkampani zendwangu eNigeria zibambe iqhaza kumaphrojekthi wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu we-polyester staple fiber (PSF), intambo e-pre oriented (POY) kanye nentambo ye-filament (PFY), konke okuhlobene ngqo nemboni ye-petrochemical.Uhulumeni uthembise ukuthi imboni ye-petrochemical yakuleli izohlinzeka ngempahla edingekayo yalezi zimboni.
Njengamanje, isimo semboni yendwangu yaseNigeria singase singathuthuki maduzane ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali namandla.Lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwemboni yendwangu yaseNigeria kudinga intando yezepolitiki eqinile kahulumeni.Ukujova nje izigidigidi zama-Naira esikhwameni sokubuyisela izindwangu akwanele ukuvuselela imboni yezindwangu ebhidlikile ezweni.Abantu embonini yaseNigeria bacela uhulumeni ukuthi enze uhlelo lwentuthuko esimeme ukuze luqondise imboni yendwangu yakuleli endleleni efanele.
————–Umthombo we-Articale:CHINA TEXTILE
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-09-2022