Ukusebenzisa kwethu imaski yobuso nsuku zonke kancane kancane kuguqukela ekubeni umthombo omusha omkhulu wokungcola okumhlophe ngemva kwezikhwama zikadoti.
Ucwaningo lwango-2020 lulinganisela ukuthi kusetshenziswa imaski yobuso eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-129 njalo ngenyanga, iningi lawo okungamaski alahlwayo enziwe ngama-microfiber epulasitiki. Ngobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, imaski elahlwayo iye yakhuthazwa emazweni amaningi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-COVID-19 ngoba ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwe-COVID-19 nezinye izifo, okwenza le datha ibuyekezwe njalo.
Kodwa-ke, esimeni esinjalo sokusetshenziswa okuphezulu, alikho izwe elenze imihlahlandlela “esemthethweni” yokuvuselela kabusha imaski, okuholela ekulahlweni kwemfucuza eyengeziwe yalezi zimaski ezilahliwe njengodoti oqinile, okubeka inselele enkulu ekulawuleni ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuthola isixazululo esimeme senkinga yokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki emhlabeni wonke okubangelwa imaski alahlwayo kubalulekile.
Muva nje, abacwaningi ababili be-biotechnology abavela eNyuvesi yaseGazamada bahlongoze ukuthi imfucuza yemaski ehlobene nobhubhane ingalahlwa ngamaski alahlwayo alahlwayo enziwe ngamahlamvu kaphayinaphu.
Izifihla-buso ezilahlwayo ezilahlwayo ngokuyinhloko zenziwe ngemicu ephuma emaqabungeni kaphayinaphu, futhi ngenxa yokuthi zisebenzisa imicu yemvelo esikhundleni semicu yepulasitiki, ama-microorganisms afana nesikhunta noma amagciwane angaqala inqubo yokuwohloka ngokushesha ngemva kokucwiliswa emhlabathini (okulindeleke ukuthi kuthathe izinsuku ezintathu).
Umfanekiso | Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-pineapple leaf fiber: ukulinywa kukaphayinaphu (A), isithelo sikaphayinaphu (B), i-fiber ekhishwe emaqabunga kaphayinaphu (C), i-pineapple leaf fiber ekhiqizwa e-Indonesia (D) (Umthombo: Hindawi).
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi uphayinaphu uvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo, ulwazi olufanele lubonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kukaphayinaphu emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingama-27.82 ngo-2020. izindlela eziningi zokukhipha i-fiber emaqabunga kaphayinaphu, okwenza i-pineapple leaf fiber ithathwe njengenye indlela enhle kune-plastic fiber ngabacwaningi be-biotechnology.
Umfanekiso | Amazwe Ahamba phambili Emhlabeni ekukhiqizeni uphayinaphu ngo-2020, phakathi kwawo i-Philippines, i-Costa Rica ne-Brazil okungabakhiqizi abathathu abakhulu emhlabeni bakaphayinaphu (umthombo: Statista).
Imicu yeqabunga likaphayinaphu imhlophe, ine-filamentous sheen, inamandla aqine kakhulu, inokwakheka okucolekile kuneminye imicu yezitshalo (njenge-hemp, jute, flax, kanye ne-canna), futhi kulula ukuyibala. Imicu yeqabunga likaphayinaphu ihlelwa ngendlela efanayo nokotini, kodwa ihambisana nemvelo kunokotini.
Ukotini utshalwa ngokwesiko ngezibulala-zinambuzane nomanyolo, futhi ukhiqizwa ngamakhemikhali anokhahlo, amanye asala futhi angenakuwashwa. Amaqabunga kaphayinaphu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, atshalwa ngaphandle kwezithasiselo futhi angavuselelwa minyaka yonke futhi atholakale kalula.
Njengamanje, inani elikhulu lamahlamvu kaphayinaphu akhiqizwa unyaka ngamunye, ngaphandle kwengxenye encane eyenziwe kuphayinaphu leaf fiber futhi isetshenziswe ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kanye nokukhiqiza amandla (njengokwenza intambo, intambo, izinto eziyinhlanganisela kanye nemikhiqizo yezingubo). Ngokuvamile elahlwa njengemfucuza yezolimo, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwalawa mahlamvu kaphayinaphu ngeke nje kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi kuletha izinzuzo ezithile zezomnotho.
Abaluleke kangakanani amamaski alahlwayo angaboli kubantu? Umaski ojwayelekile wokuhlinza olahlwayo uqukethe izendlalelo ezintathu ze-polymer. Ungqimba olungaphandle luyimpahla engamunceki (njenge-polyester), ungqimba oluphakathi yindwangu engalukiwe (njenge-polypropylene ne-polystyrene) eyenziwe kusetshenziswa inqubo yokuncibilika, futhi ungqimba lwangaphakathi luyimpahla emuncayo njengokotini. . I-Polypropylene, into evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni imaski, inzima kakhulu ukuyidiliza kangangokuthi ingahlala endaweni yemvelo amashumi eminyaka, futhi mhlawumbe amakhulu eminyaka, ukuze iguquke ibe yi-microplastics kanye ne-nanoplastics.
Ngaphezu kokubangela ukungcola kwepulasitiki, izifihla-buso ezilahliwe zingase ziqongelele futhi zikhiphe amakhemikhali ayingozi nezinto eziphilayo, njenge-Bisphenol A (BPA), izinsimbi ezisindayo, nama-microorganisms abangela izifo. Phakathi kwazo, i-bisphenol A ikhonjwe ukuthi inomphumela we-carcinogenic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi imaski ingahanjiswa isuka ezweni iye emanzini ahlanzekile nasezindaweni Zasolwandle ngokugeleza kwamanzi, ukukhishwa kwemifula, amaza olwandle, umoya, kanye nezilwane (ngokubambezeleka noma ukungeniswa) uma ingaqoqwanga futhi ilawulwe ngendlela efanele. Ngokombiko wango-2020 owenziwe yi-OceansAsia, "Ilinganiselwa ku-1.56 bhiliyoni imaski yobuso izongena olwandle ngo-2020, okuzoholela ekwengezeni kwamathani angama-4,680 kuya kwangu-6,240 okungcoliswa kwepulasitiki yaseMarine."
Umfanekiso | Isiphetho esingaba khona sezemvelo kanye nomthelela wamamaski okuhlinzwa alahlwayo (Umthombo: FESE)
Kungashiwo ukuthi ngokuthuthuka okuvamile kwalolu bhubhane, ukuchithwa kwezifihla-buso kuzonqwabelana kuphela, futhi ukungcoliswa kwendawo ezungezile kuzokhula kuphela. Izifihla-buso ezilahlwayo ezenziwe ngemicu yeqabunga likaphayinaphu, eziwohloka ngokwemvelo futhi zingakhiphi ubuthi obuyingozi, zingaba ikhambi lokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki okubangelwa imaski.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemvelo ye-hydrophilic ye-pineapple leaf fiber, ayinamandla futhi ayiqinile njengepulasitiki. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kubhekwane nale nselelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2022